如何为 Django 设置 Jupyter/IPython Notebook？

小开

Install django-extensions from https://github.com/django-extensions/django-extensions/blob/master/docs/index.rst
```
 pip install django-extensions
```
Change your settings file to include 'django-extensions'
```
 INSTALLED_APPS += ['django_extensions']
```
Run your Django server like this:
```
python manage.py shell_plus --notebook
```

alter to suit, and run this in your first cell

import os, sys
PWD = os.getenv('PWD')
os.chdir(PWD)
sys.path.insert(0, os.getenv('PWD'))
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "local_settings.py")
import django
django.setup()

Now you should be able to import your django models etc. eg:
```
from app.models import Foobar
Foobar.objects.all()
```

小开

The following does work for me using win10, Python 3.5, Django 1.10:

Install Python with the Anaconda distribution so Jupyter will be installed as well

Install Django and install django-extensions:

pip install Django


pip install django-extensions

Start a new Django project. You have to do that in that part of your tree of directories which can be accessed by Jupyter later.
```
django-admin startproject _myDjangoProject_
```
Start Jypter
navigate Jupyter to the directory myDjangoProject and enter the first/top myDjangoProject-directory
Start within the first/top myDjangoProject-directory a new Jupyter noteboke: new --> Django Shell-Plus

enter and run the following piece of code :

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myDjangoProject.settings")
import django
django.setup()

Note that this piece of code is the same as in manage.py, and note that "myDjangoProject.settings" points to myDjangoProject/settings.py

Now you can start with examples, e.g.:

from django.template import Template, Context


template = Template('The name of this project is \{\{ projectName }}')
context = Context({'projectName': 'MyJypyterDjangoSite'})
template.render(context)

小开

Actually turns out you (might not) need to do all that crap. Just install django-extensions and run jupyter!

(myprojectvenv)$ cd myproject
(myprojectvenv)$ pip install jupyter
(myprojectvenv)$ pip install django-extensions
(myprojectvenv)$ jupyter notebook

In the browser, start a new "Django Shell-Plus":

And you should be good to go. eg:

from myproject.models import Foobar
Foobar.objects.all()

小开

Here's what just worked for me

install Django Extensions (I used 1.9.6) as per other answers
install jupyter
pip install jupyter
some stuff I did to setup jupyter inside my Docker container -- see below if this applies to you †
from your base Django directory, create a directory for notebooks, e.g.
mkdir notebooks
Go to that directory
cd notebooks
start django extensions shell_plus from inside that directory:
../manage.py shell_plus --notebook
The notebook server should now be running, and may launch a new browser. If it doesn't launch a browser window, follow the instructions to paste a link or a token.
from the browser, open a new "Django Shell Plus" notebook, as per John Mee's answer's screenshot

AND, importantly, what didn't work was changing directories from inside the notebook environment. If I tried to work with any notebook that was not in the directory that manage.py shell_plus --notebook was run in, then the kernal was not configured correctly. For me, having the notebook be configured for just a single directory at a time was good enough. If you need a more robust solution, you should be able set PYTHONPATH prior to starting jupyter. For example add export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:/path/to/django/project" to a virtualenv activate script. But I haven't tried this.

† Docker Setup (optional)

add a port mapping for your container for port 8888

For example, in your docker compose file;

ports:
-  "8890:8888"

Configure your project settings file to use ip 0.0.0.0

This is what I did:

NOTEBOOK_ARGUMENTS = [
'--ip', '0.0.0.0',
'--allow-root',
'--no-browser',
]

小开

最佳答案

Just for completeness (but it's 2018, so maybe things changed since this question was posted): you can actually install a Jupyter Python kernel in your Django environment that will then connect (run under) a different Jupyter server/environment (one where you've installed widgets, extensions, changed the theme, etc.). django_extensions right now still does only part of the required work :-)

This assumes you have a Jupyter virtual environment that's separate from Django's one and whose kernels/extensions are installed with --user. All the Jupyter extensions (and their dependencies) are installed in this venv instead of the Django's one/ones (you'll still need pandas, matplotlib, etc. in the Django environment if you need to use them together with Django code).

In your Django virtual environment (that can run a different version of Python, including a version 2 interpreter) install the ipython kernel:

pip install -U ipykernel
ipython kernel install --user --name='environment_name' --display-name='Your Project'

This will create a kernel configuration directory with the specified -–name in your user’s Jupyter kernel directory (on Linux it's ~/.jupyter/ while on OSX it’s ~/Library/Jupyter/) containing its kernel.json file and images/icons (by default the default Jupyter icon for the kernel we’re installing are used). This kernel will run inside the virtual environment what was active at creation, thus using the exact same version of python and all the installed modules used by our Django project.

Running ./manage.py shell_plus --notebook does something very similar, but in addition to requiring everything (including the Jupyter server and all the extensions) installed in the current venv, it’s also unable to run notebooks in directories different from the project’s root (the one containing ./manage.py). In addition it’ll run the kernel using the first executable called python it finds on the path, not the virtual environment’s one, making it misbehave when not started from the command line inside an active Django virtual environment.

To fix these problems so that we're able to create a Notebook running inside any Django project we have so configured and to be able to run notebooks stored anywhere on the filesystem, we need to:

make sure the first ‘argv’ parameter contains the full path to the python interpreter contained in the virtual environment
add (if not already present) an ‘env’ section that will contain shell environment variables, then use these to tell Python where to find our project and which Django settings it should use. We do this by adding something like the following:

   "env": {
"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE": "my_project.settings",
"PYTHONPATH": "$PYTHONPATH:/home/projectuser/projectfolder/my_project"
}

optional: change ‘display_name’ to be human friendly and replace the icons.

editing this environment kernel.json file you'll see something similar:

{
"display_name": "My Project",
"language": "python",
"env": {
"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE": "my_project.settings",
"PYTHONPATH": "$PYTHONPATH:/home/projectuser/projectfolder/my_project"
},
"argv": [
"/home/projectuser/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15/envs/my_project_venv/bin/python",
"-m",
"ipykernel_launcher",
"-f",
"{connection_file}",
"--ext",
"django_extensions.management.notebook_extension"
]
}

Notable lines:

"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE": "my_project.settings": your settings, usually as seen inside your project's manage.py
"PYTHONPATH": "$PYTHONPATH:/home/projectuser/projectfolder/my_project": PYTHONPATH is extended to include your project's main directory (the one containing manage.py) so that settings can be found even if the kernel isn't run in that exact directory (here django_extensions will use a generic python, thus running the wrong virtual environment unless the whole Jupyter server is launched from inside it: adding this to the kernel.json created by django_extensions will enable it to run notebooks anywhere in the Django project directory)
"/home/projectuser/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15/envs/my_project_venv/bin/python": first argument (argv list) of the kernel execution, should be the full path to your project's virtual environment's python interpreter (this is another thing django_extensions gets wrong: fixing this will allow any notebook server to run that specific Django environment's kernel with all its installed modules)
"django_extensions.management.notebook_extension": this is the extension that will load the 'shell_plus' functionality in the notebook (optional but useful :-) )

小开

I will add some information to the very complete answer of RobM, for the benefit of the very rare developers that use buildout along with djangorecipe djangorecipe as I do... I refer to jupyter lab as I use that but I think all info can be applied to old jupyter notebooks.

When using buildout you end up with a 'bin/django' handler you'll use instead of 'manage.py'. That's the script that defines the whole path. I added one more part in my buildout.cfg:

[ipython]
recipe = zc.recipe.egg
eggs =  ${buildout:eggs}
extra-paths = ${buildout:directory}/apps
initialization =  import os
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'web.settings'

so that another script named ipython will be created in ./bin directory. I point kernelspec to that interpreter. Moreover I use kernel argument rather than "-m", "ipykernel_launcher" so that the kernel definition I use is:

{
"argv": [
"/misc/src/hg/siti/trepalchi/bin/ipython",
"kernel",
"-f",
"{connection_file}",
"--ext",
"django_extensions.management.notebook_extension"
],
"display_name": "Trepalchi",
"language": "python"
}

Due to how the ipython script is created by buildout there's no need to add environmental variables in my case.

As Rob already mentioned, jupiterlab is only installed in one environment where I start it with the command:

jupyter lab

not in the environment of Django project whare I only install ipykernel (that has already a bunch of 20 dependencies).

Since I tend to have quite a lot of projects I find it usefull to have a single point where I start jupyter lab with many links to the projects so that I can reach them easily. Thanks to the extension provided by django_extension I don't need any extra cell to initialize the notebook.

Any single kernel added in this way can be found with the command:

jupyter kernelspec list

And clearly listed in the launcher of jupyter lab

小开

Note: I am using Python 3.7 and Django 2.1, it works for Django 2.2. I don't have to run anything in my first cell, and this works like charm as long as you don't mind having the notebooks in the root of your Django project.

It is assumed that you have a virtual environment for your project, and it is activated. I use pipenv to create virtual environments and track dependencies of my python projects, but it is up to you what tool you use.

It is also assumed that you have created a Django project and your current working directory is the root of this project.

Steps

Install jupyter

Using pip

pip install jupyter

Using pipenv

pipenv install jupyter

Install django-extentions

Using pip

pip install django-extensions

Using pipenv

pipenv install django-extensions

Set up django-extensions by adding it to the INSTALLED_APPS setting of your Django project settings.py file.:
```
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'django_extensions',
)
```
Run the shell_plus management command that is part of django-extensions. Use the option --notebook to start a notebook:
```
python manage.py shell_plus --notebook
```
Jupyter Notebooks will open automatically in your browser.
Start a new Django Shell-Plus notebook

That's it!

Again, you don't have to run anything in the first cell, and you can corroborate by running dir() to see the names in the current local scope.

Edit:

If you want to put your notebooks in a directory called notebooks at the root directory, you can do the following:

$ mkdir notebooks && cd notebooks
$ python ../manage.py shell_plus --notebook

Thanks to Mark Chackerian whose answer provided the idea to make run the notebooks in a directory other than the project's root.

These are the modules that are imported automatically thanks to shell_plus:

# Shell Plus Model Imports
from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission, User
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
# Shell Plus Django Imports
from django.core.cache import cache
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.db import transaction
from django.db.models import Avg, Case, Count, F, Max, Min, Prefetch, Q, Sum, When, Exists, OuterRef, Subquery
from django.utils import timezone
from django.urls import reverse

小开

While the accepted answer from RobM works, it was less clear than it could be and has a few unnecessary steps. Simply put, to run notebooks through Django from a notebook environment outside of the project directory:

Install:

 pip install django-extensions

Add 'django-extensions' to your INSTALLED_APPS list in settings.py

 INSTALLED_APPS += ['django_extensions']

Run a notebook from within Django, then close it:

python manage.py shell_plus --notebook

This will create your kernel, which we will now edit to point to an absolute path of Python rather than a relative path.

On OSX, the kernel file is at: ~/Library/Jupyter/kernels/django_extensions/kernel.json

On Linux: ~/.jupyter/kernels/django_extensions/kernel.json

We only need to make two changes:

The first is to edit the first value in the "argv" list from "python" to the full address of the python version in your Django virtual environment. E.g.: "/Users/$USERNAME/Documents/PROJECT_FOLDER/venv/bin/python"

Secondly, to the "env" dictionary, add "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE": "mysite.settings", where mysite is the folder that contains your Django settings.

Optionally, change the value of "display_name".

Now when you run a notebook from any directory, choosing the "Django Shell-Plus" kernel will allow your notebooks to interact with Django. Any packages such as pandas will need to be installed in the Django venv.

小开

Run this command.

PYTHONPATH=/path/to/project/root DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=settings python manage.py shell_plus --notebook