How to get a random string of 32 hexadecimal digits through command line?

I'd like to put together a command that will print out a string of 32 hexadecimal digits. I've got a Python script that works:

python -c 'import random ; print "".join(map(lambda t: format(t, "02X"), [random.randrange(256) for x in range(16)]))'

This generates output like:

6EF6B30F9E557F948C402C89002C7C8A

Which is what I need.

On a Mac, I can even do this:

uuidgen | tr -d '-'

However, I don't have access to the more sophisticated scripting languages ruby and python, and I won't be on a Mac (so no uuidgen). I need to stick with more bash'ish tools like sed, awk, /dev/random because I'm on a limited platform. Is there a way to do this?

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最佳答案

If you have hexdump then:

hexdump -vn16 -e'4/4 "%08X" 1 "\n"' /dev/urandom

should do the job.

Explanation:

  • -v to print all data (by default hexdump replaces repetition by *).
  • -n16 to consume 16 bytes of input (32 hex digits = 16 bytes).
  • 4/4 "%08X" to iterate four times, consume 4 bytes per iteration and print the corresponding 32 bits value as 8 hex digits, with leading zeros, if needed.
  • 1 "\n" to end with a single newline.
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There three ways that I know of:

#!/bin/bash


n=16


# Read n bytes from urandom (in hex):
xxd -l "$n" -p                    /dev/urandom | tr -d " \n" ; echo
od  -vN "$n" -An -tx1             /dev/urandom | tr -d " \n" ; echo
hexdump -vn "$n" -e ' /1 "%02x"'  /dev/urandom ; echo

Use one, comment out the other two.

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Here are a few more options, all of which have the nice property of providing an obvious and easy way to directly select the length of the output string. In all the cases below, changing the '32' to your desired string length is all you need to do.

#works in bash and busybox, but not in ksh
tr -dc 'A-F0-9' < /dev/urandom | head -c32


#works in bash and ksh, but not in busybox
tr -dc 'A-F0-9' < /dev/urandom | dd status=none bs=1 count=32


#works in bash, ksh, AND busybox! w00t!
tr -dc 'A-F0-9' < /dev/urandom | dd bs=1 count=32 2>/dev/null

EDIT: Tested in different shells.

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If you are looking for a single command and have openssl installed, see below. Generate random 16 bytes (32 hex symbols) and encode in hex (also -base64 is supported).

openssl rand -hex 16
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Try:

xxd -u -l 16 -p /dev/urandom

Example output:

C298212CD8B55F2E193FFA16165E95E3

And to convert it back to binary:

echo -n C298212CD8B55F2E193FFA16165E95E3 | xxd -r -p
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If you want to generate output of arbitrary length, including even/odd number of characters:

cat /dev/urandom | hexdump --no-squeezing -e '/1 "%x"' | head -c 31

Or to maximize efficiency over readability/composeability:

hexdump --no-squeezing -e '/1 "%x"' -n 15 /dev/urandom
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Here is a version not using dev/random:

awk -v len=32 'BEGIN {
srand('$RANDOM');
while(len--) {
n=int(rand()*16);
printf("%c", n+(n>9 ? 55 : 48));
};}'
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you can also use od command like this

od -N32 -x < /dev/urandom | head -n1 |  cut -b9- | sed 's/ //gi'

good luck


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