Python: urllib2如何使用 urlopen 请求发送 cookie

我正在尝试使用 urllib2打开 URL 并向服务器发送特定的 Cookie 文本。例如，我想用一个特定的 cookie 打开站点 解决象棋问题，例如 search = 1。我该怎么做？

我正在尝试做以下事情:

import urllib2
(need to add cookie to the request somehow)
urllib2.urlopen("http://chess-problems.prg")

先谢谢你

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Use cookielib. The linked doc page provides examples at the end. You'll also find a tutorial here.

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最佳答案

Cookie is just another HTTP header.

import urllib2
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
opener.addheaders.append(('Cookie', 'cookiename=cookievalue'))
f = opener.open("http://example.com/")

See urllib2 examples for other ways how to add HTTP headers to your request.

There are more ways how to handle cookies. Some modules like cookielib try to behave like web browser - remember what cookies did you get previously and automatically send them again in following requests.

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Maybe using cookielib.CookieJar can help you. For instance when posting to a page containing a form:

import urllib2
import urllib
from cookielib import CookieJar


cj = CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
# input-type values from the html form
formdata = { "username" : username, "password": password, "form-id" : "1234" }
data_encoded = urllib.urlencode(formdata)
response = opener.open("https://page.com/login.php", data_encoded)
content = response.read()

EDIT:

After Piotr's comment I'll elaborate a bit. From the docs:

The CookieJar class stores HTTP cookies. It extracts cookies from HTTP requests, and returns them in HTTP responses. CookieJar instances automatically expire contained cookies when necessary. Subclasses are also responsible for storing and retrieving cookies from a file or database.

So whatever requests you make with your CookieJar instance, all cookies will be handled automagically. Kinda like your browser does :)

I can only speak from my own experience and my 99% use-case for cookies is to receive a cookie and then need to send it with all subsequent requests in that session. The code above handles just that, and it does so transparently.

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You might want to take a look at the excellent HTTP Python library called Requests. It makes every task involving HTTP a bit easier than urllib2. From Cookies section of quickstart guide:

To send your own cookies to the server, you can use the cookies parameter:

>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')


>>> r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies', cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'
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This answer is not working since the urllib2 module has been split across several modules in Python 3. You need to do 

from urllib import request
opener = request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders.append(('Cookie', 'cookiename=cookievalue'))
f = opener.open("http://example.com/")

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