重新生成数据库中的所有索引

小开

Also a good script, although my laptop ran out of memory, but this was on a very large table

https://basitaalishan.com/2014/02/23/rebuild-all-indexes-on-all-tables-in-the-sql-server-database/

USE [<mydatabasename>]
Go


--/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--Arguments             Data Type               Description
--------------          ------------            ------------
--@FillFactor           [int]                   Specifies a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level
--                                              of each index page during index creation or alteration. The valid inputs for this parameter
--                                              must be an integer value from 1 to 100 The default is 0.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177459.aspx.


--@PadIndex             [varchar](3)            Specifies index padding. The PAD_INDEX option is useful only when FILLFACTOR is specified,
--                                              because PAD_INDEX uses the percentage specified by FILLFACTOR. If the percentage specified
--                                              for FILLFACTOR is not large enough to allow for one row, the Database Engine internally
--                                              overrides the percentage to allow for the minimum. The number of rows on an intermediate
--                                              index page is never less than two, regardless of how low the value of fillfactor. The valid
--                                              inputs for this parameter are ON or OFF. The default is OFF.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188783.aspx.


--@SortInTempDB         [varchar](3)            Specifies whether to store temporary sort results in tempdb. The valid inputs for this
--                                              parameter are ON or OFF. The default is OFF.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188281.aspx.


--@OnlineRebuild        [varchar](3)            Specifies whether underlying tables and associated indexes are available for queries and data
--                                              modification during the index operation. The valid inputs for this parameter are ON or OFF.
--                                              The default is OFF.
--                                              Note: Online index operations are only available in Enterprise edition of Microsoft
--                                                      SQL Server 2005 and above.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191261.aspx.


--@DataCompression      [varchar](4)            Specifies the data compression option for the specified index, partition number, or range of
--                                              partitions. The options  for this parameter are as follows:
--                                                  > NONE - Index or specified partitions are not compressed.
--                                                  > ROW  - Index or specified partitions are compressed by using row compression.
--                                                  > PAGE - Index or specified partitions are compressed by using page compression.
--                                              The default is NONE.
--                                              Note: Data compression feature is only available in Enterprise edition of Microsoft
--                                                      SQL Server 2005 and above.
--                                              For more information about compression, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc280449.aspx.


--@MaxDOP               [int]                   Overrides the max degree of parallelism configuration option for the duration of the index
--                                              operation. The valid input for this parameter can be between 0 and 64, but should not exceed
--                                              number of processors available to SQL Server.
--                                              For more information, see http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189094.aspx.
--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -*/


-- Ensure a USE <databasename> statement has been executed first.


SET NOCOUNT ON;


DECLARE  @Version                           [numeric] (18, 10)
,@SQLStatementID                    [int]
,@CurrentTSQLToExecute              [nvarchar](max)
,@FillFactor                        [int]        = 100 -- Change if needed
,@PadIndex                          [varchar](3) = N'OFF' -- Change if needed
,@SortInTempDB                      [varchar](3) = N'OFF' -- Change if needed
,@OnlineRebuild                     [varchar](3) = N'OFF' -- Change if needed
,@LOBCompaction                     [varchar](3) = N'ON' -- Change if needed
,@DataCompression                   [varchar](4) = N'NONE' -- Change if needed
,@MaxDOP                            [int]        = NULL -- Change if needed
,@IncludeDataCompressionArgument    [char](1);


IF OBJECT_ID(N'TempDb.dbo.#Work_To_Do') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #Work_To_Do
CREATE TABLE #Work_To_Do
(
[sql_id] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1)
PRIMARY KEY ,
[tsql_text] [varchar](1024) ,
[completed] [bit]
)


SET @Version = CAST(LEFT(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128)), CHARINDEX('.', CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128))) - 1) + N'.' + REPLACE(RIGHT(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128)), LEN(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128))) - CHARINDEX('.', CAST(SERVERPROPERTY(N'ProductVersion') AS [nvarchar](128)))), N'.', N'') AS [numeric](18, 10))


IF @DataCompression IN (N'PAGE', N'ROW', N'NONE')
AND (
@Version >= 10.0
AND SERVERPROPERTY(N'EngineEdition') = 3
)
BEGIN
SET @IncludeDataCompressionArgument = N'Y'
END


IF @IncludeDataCompressionArgument IS NULL
BEGIN
SET @IncludeDataCompressionArgument = N'N'
END


INSERT INTO #Work_To_Do ([tsql_text], [completed])
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX [' + i.[name] + '] ON' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(t2.[TABLE_CATALOG]) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t2.[TABLE_SCHEMA]) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t2.[TABLE_NAME]) + SPACE(1) + 'REBUILD WITH (' + SPACE(1) + + CASE
WHEN @PadIndex IS NULL
THEN 'PAD_INDEX =' + SPACE(1) + CASE i.[is_padded]
WHEN 1
THEN 'ON'
WHEN 0
THEN 'OFF'
END
ELSE 'PAD_INDEX =' + SPACE(1) + @PadIndex
END + CASE
WHEN @FillFactor IS NULL
THEN ', FILLFACTOR =' + SPACE(1) + CONVERT([varchar](3), REPLACE(i.[fill_factor], 0, 100))
ELSE ', FILLFACTOR =' + SPACE(1) + CONVERT([varchar](3), @FillFactor)
END + CASE
WHEN @SortInTempDB IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE ', SORT_IN_TEMPDB =' + SPACE(1) + @SortInTempDB
END + CASE
WHEN @OnlineRebuild IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE ', ONLINE =' + SPACE(1) + @OnlineRebuild
END + ', STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE =' + SPACE(1) + CASE st.[no_recompute]
WHEN 0
THEN 'OFF'
WHEN 1
THEN 'ON'
END + ', ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS =' + SPACE(1) + CASE i.[allow_row_locks]
WHEN 0
THEN 'OFF'
WHEN 1
THEN 'ON'
END + ', ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS =' + SPACE(1) + CASE i.[allow_page_locks]
WHEN 0
THEN 'OFF'
WHEN 1
THEN 'ON'
END + CASE
WHEN @IncludeDataCompressionArgument = N'Y'
THEN CASE
WHEN @DataCompression IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE ', DATA_COMPRESSION =' + SPACE(1) + @DataCompression
END
ELSE ''
END + CASE
WHEN @MaxDop IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE ', MAXDOP =' + SPACE(1) + CONVERT([varchar](2), @MaxDOP)
END + SPACE(1) + ')'
,0
FROM [sys].[tables] t1
INNER JOIN [sys].[indexes] i ON t1.[object_id] = i.[object_id]
AND i.[index_id] > 0
AND i.[type] IN (1, 2)
INNER JOIN [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES] t2 ON t1.[name] = t2.[TABLE_NAME]
AND t2.[TABLE_TYPE] = 'BASE TABLE'
INNER JOIN [sys].[stats] AS st WITH (NOLOCK) ON st.[object_id] = t1.[object_id]
AND st.[name] = i.[name]


SELECT @SQLStatementID = MIN([sql_id])
FROM #Work_To_Do
WHERE [completed] = 0


WHILE @SQLStatementID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @CurrentTSQLToExecute = [tsql_text]
FROM #Work_To_Do
WHERE [sql_id] = @SQLStatementID


PRINT @CurrentTSQLToExecute


EXEC [sys].[sp_executesql] @CurrentTSQLToExecute


UPDATE #Work_To_Do
SET [completed] = 1
WHERE [sql_id] = @SQLStatementID


SELECT @SQLStatementID = MIN([sql_id])
FROM #Work_To_Do
WHERE [completed] = 0
END

小开

Try the following script:

Exec sp_msforeachtable 'SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON; ALTER INDEX ALL ON ? REBUILD'
GO

Also

I prefer(After a long search) to use the following script, it contains @fillfactor determines how much percentage of the space on each leaf-level page is filled with data.

DECLARE @TableName VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(500)
DECLARE @fillfactor INT
SET @fillfactor = 80
DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME([object_id]))+'.' + QUOTENAME(name) AS TableName
FROM sys.tables
OPEN TableCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @sql = 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ' + @TableName + ' REBUILD WITH (FILLFACTOR = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(3),@fillfactor) + ')'
EXEC (@sql)
FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE TableCursor
DEALLOCATE TableCursor
GO

for more info, check the following link:

https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2009/01/30/sql-server-2008-2005-rebuild-every-index-of-all-tables-of-database-rebuild-index-with-fillfactor/

and if you want to Check Index Fragmentation on Indexes in a Database, try the following script:

SELECT dbschemas.[name] as 'Schema',
dbtables.[name] as 'Table',
dbindexes.[name] as 'Index',
indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
indexstats.page_count
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
WHERE indexstats.database_id = DB_ID() AND dbtables.[name] like '%%'
ORDER BY indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent desc

For more information, Check the following link:

http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/faqs/FA234246/

小开

Daniel's script appears to be a good all encompassing solution, but even he admitted that his laptop ran out of memory. Here is an option I came up with. I based my procedure off of Mohammad Nizamuddin's post on TechNet. I added an initial cursor loop that pulls all the database names into a temporary table and then uses that to pull all the base table names from each of those databases.

You can optionally pass the fill factor you would prefer and specify a target database if you do not want to re-index all databases.

--===============================================================
-- Name:  sp_RebuildAllIndexes
-- Arguments:  [Fill Factor], [Target Database name]
-- Purpose:  Loop through all the databases on a server and
--           compile a list of all the table within them.
--           This list is then used to rebuild indexes for
--           all the tables in all the database.  Optionally,
--           you may pass a specific database name if you only
--           want to reindex that target database.
--================================================================
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_RebuildAllIndexes(
@FillFactor     INT = 90,
@TargetDatabase NVARCHAR(100) = NULL)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @TablesToReIndex TABLE (
TableName VARCHAR(200)
);
DECLARE @DbName VARCHAR(50);
DECLARE @TableSelect VARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @DatabasesToIndex CURSOR;


IF ISNULL( @TargetDatabase, '' ) = ''
SET @DatabasesToIndex = CURSOR
FOR SELECT NAME
FROM   master..sysdatabases
ELSE
SET @DatabasesToIndex = CURSOR
FOR SELECT NAME
FROM   master..sysdatabases
WHERE  NAME = @TargetDatabase


OPEN DatabasesToIndex


FETCH NEXT FROM DatabasesToIndex INTO @DbName


WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SET @TableSelect = 'INSERT INTO @TablesToReIndex SELECT CONCAT(TABLE_CATALOG, ''.'', TABLE_SCHEMA, ''.'', TABLE_NAME) AS TableName FROM '
+ @DbName
+ '.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE = ''base table''';


EXEC sp_executesql
@TableSelect;


FETCH NEXT FROM DatabasesToIndex INTO @DbName
END


CLOSE DatabasesToIndex


DEALLOCATE DatabasesToIndex


DECLARE @TableName VARCHAR(255)
DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT TableName
FROM   @TablesToReIndex


OPEN TableCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName


WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
DBCC DBREINDEX(@TableName, ' ', @FillFactor)


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @TableName
END


CLOSE TableCursor


DEALLOCATE TableCursor
END

小开

Replace the "YOUR DATABASE NAME" in the query below.

    DECLARE @Database NVARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @Table NVARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @cmd NVARCHAR(1000)


DECLARE DatabaseCursor CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR
SELECT name FROM master.sys.databases
WHERE name IN ('YOUR DATABASE NAME')  -- databases
AND state = 0 -- database is online
AND is_in_standby = 0 -- database is not read only for log shipping
ORDER BY 1


OPEN DatabaseCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM DatabaseCursor INTO @Database
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN


SET @cmd = 'DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR SELECT ''['' + table_catalog + ''].['' + table_schema + ''].['' +
table_name + '']'' as tableName FROM [' + @Database + '].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_type = ''BASE TABLE'''


-- create table cursor
EXEC (@cmd)
OPEN TableCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @Table
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY
SET @cmd = 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ' + @Table + ' REBUILD'
PRINT @cmd -- uncomment if you want to see commands
EXEC (@cmd)
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
PRINT '---'
PRINT @cmd
PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE()
PRINT '---'
END CATCH


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @Table
END


CLOSE TableCursor
DEALLOCATE TableCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM DatabaseCursor INTO @Database
END
CLOSE DatabaseCursor
DEALLOCATE DatabaseCursor

小开

DECLARE @String NVARCHAR(MAX);
USE Databse Name;
SELECT @String
=
(
SELECT 'ALTER INDEX [' + dbindexes.[name] + '] ON [' + db.name + '].[' + dbschemas.[name] + '].[' + dbtables.[name]
+ '] REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (DATA_COMPRESSION = PAGE);' + CHAR(10) AS [text()]
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables
ON dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas
ON dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes
ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
INNER JOIN sys.databases AS db
ON db.database_id = indexstats.database_id
WHERE dbindexes.name IS NOT NULL
AND indexstats.database_id = DB_ID()
AND indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 10
ORDER BY indexstats.page_count DESC
FOR XML PATH('')
);
EXEC (@String);

小开

DECLARE @Database NVARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @Table NVARCHAR(255)
DECLARE @cmd NVARCHAR(1000)


DECLARE DatabaseCursor CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR
SELECT name FROM master.sys.databases
WHERE name NOT IN ('master','msdb','tempdb','model','distribution')  -- databases to exclude
--WHERE name IN ('DB1', 'DB2') -- use this to select specific databases and comment out line above
AND state = 0 -- database is online
AND is_in_standby = 0 -- database is not read only for log shipping
ORDER BY 1


OPEN DatabaseCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM DatabaseCursor INTO @Database
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN


SET @cmd = 'DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR SELECT ''['' + table_catalog + ''].['' + table_schema + ''].['' +
table_name + '']'' as tableName FROM [' + @Database + '].INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_type = ''BASE TABLE'''


-- create table cursor
EXEC (@cmd)
OPEN TableCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @Table
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
BEGIN TRY
SET @cmd = 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ' + @Table + ' REBUILD'
--PRINT @cmd -- uncomment if you want to see commands
EXEC (@cmd)
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
PRINT '---'
PRINT @cmd
PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE()
PRINT '---'
END CATCH


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO @Table
END


CLOSE TableCursor
DEALLOCATE TableCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM DatabaseCursor INTO @Database
END
CLOSE DatabaseCursor
DEALLOCATE DatabaseCursor

小开

Oh man, I wouldn't suggest just rebuilding all your indexes on all databases/tables without seeing how fragmented they are. You are taking huge performance hits for no gains. Make sure you check the amount of fragmentation per index and act on it accordingly. Usually anything over 15% is worth a reorganize until 30% where you would opt for rebuild instead. This also depends on your page count, size of index and activity on your tables. Some tables will always have high fragmentation and may not be worth touching at all if all it does is add/delete constantly unless you're seeing a performance issue on those tables.

小开

Here's another script to add to the list. The key difference with the other ones is that this applies general recommended threshold of rebuild if over 30% fragmentation and reorganize of over 5%. If nothing is over either, nothing happens. This allow you run this script as often as you'd like:

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
SET ARITHABORT ON
SET NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON


DECLARE @TableName varchar(255);
DECLARE @IndexName varchar(255);
DECLARE @Fragmentation FLOAT;
DECLARE @IndexScript varchar(255);


SELECT
dbtables.[name],
dbindexes.[name],
indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent,
indexstats.page_count [pages]
FROM
sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables
on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas
on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes
ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
WHERE
indexstats.database_id = DB_ID()
AND indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 5.0
AND indexstats.page_count > 10
ORDER BY
indexstats.page_count ASC,
indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent ASC


DECLARE TableCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT
dbtables.[name],
dbindexes.[name],
indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent
FROM
sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS indexstats
INNER JOIN sys.tables dbtables
on dbtables.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.schemas dbschemas
on dbtables.[schema_id] = dbschemas.[schema_id]
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS dbindexes
ON dbindexes.[object_id] = indexstats.[object_id]
AND indexstats.index_id = dbindexes.index_id
WHERE
indexstats.database_id = DB_ID()
AND indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 5.0
AND indexstats.page_count > 10
ORDER BY
indexstats.page_count ASC,
indexstats.avg_fragmentation_in_percent ASC;


OPEN TableCursor


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO
@TableName,
@IndexName,
@Fragmentation
 

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
 

BEGIN
IF (@Fragmentation >= 30.0)
SET @IndexScript = 'ALTER INDEX ' + @IndexName + ' ON ' + @TableName + ' REBUILD';
ELSE IF (@Fragmentation >= 5.0)
SET @IndexScript = 'ALTER INDEX ' + @IndexName + ' ON ' + @TableName + ' REORGANIZE';
ELSE
SET @IndexScript = NULL;


IF (@IndexScript IS NOT NULL)
BEGIN
RAISERROR (@IndexScript, 10, 0) WITH NOWAIT
WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:01';
EXEC(@IndexScript);
END


FETCH NEXT FROM TableCursor INTO
@TableName,
@IndexName,
@Fragmentation;
 

END
 

CLOSE TableCursor;
 

DEALLOCATE TableCursor;

I've been using this for a couple years. The script will output a table as well as messages, which means if you're feeling like it's taking too long you can see what it's doing in semi-realtime, (if you run it in SQL Management Studio).