如何在 Python 中验证 IP 地址？

验证用户输入的 IP 是否有效的最佳方法是什么？它就像一根绳子。

319484 次浏览
小开

我觉得这个可以..。

def validIP(address):
parts = address.split(".")
if len(parts) != 4:
return False
for item in parts:
if not 0 <= int(item) <= 255:
return False
return True
小开 
def is_valid_ip(ip):
"""Validates IP addresses.
"""
return is_valid_ipv4(ip) or is_valid_ipv6(ip)

IPv4:

def is_valid_ipv4(ip):
"""Validates IPv4 addresses.
"""
pattern = re.compile(r"""
^
(?:
# Dotted variants:
(?:
# Decimal 1-255 (no leading 0's)
[3-9]\d?|2(?:5[0-5]|[0-4]?\d)?|1\d{0,2}
|
0x0*[0-9a-f]{1,2}  # Hexadecimal 0x0 - 0xFF (possible leading 0's)
|
0+[1-3]?[0-7]{0,2} # Octal 0 - 0377 (possible leading 0's)
)
(?:                  # Repeat 0-3 times, separated by a dot
\.
(?:
[3-9]\d?|2(?:5[0-5]|[0-4]?\d)?|1\d{0,2}
|
0x0*[0-9a-f]{1,2}
|
0+[1-3]?[0-7]{0,2}
)
){0,3}
|
0x0*[0-9a-f]{1,8}    # Hexadecimal notation, 0x0 - 0xffffffff
|
0+[0-3]?[0-7]{0,10}  # Octal notation, 0 - 037777777777
|
# Decimal notation, 1-4294967295:
429496729[0-5]|42949672[0-8]\d|4294967[01]\d\d|429496[0-6]\d{3}|
42949[0-5]\d{4}|4294[0-8]\d{5}|429[0-3]\d{6}|42[0-8]\d{7}|
4[01]\d{8}|[1-3]\d{0,9}|[4-9]\d{0,8}
)
$
""", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE)
return pattern.match(ip) is not None

IPv6:

def is_valid_ipv6(ip):
"""Validates IPv6 addresses.
"""
pattern = re.compile(r"""
^
\s*                         # Leading whitespace
(?!.*::.*::)                # Only a single whildcard allowed
(?:(?!:)|:(?=:))            # Colon iff it would be part of a wildcard
(?:                         # Repeat 6 times:
[0-9a-f]{0,4}           #   A group of at most four hexadecimal digits
(?:(?<=::)|(?<!::):)    #   Colon unless preceeded by wildcard
){6}                        #
(?:                         # Either
[0-9a-f]{0,4}           #   Another group
(?:(?<=::)|(?<!::):)    #   Colon unless preceeded by wildcard
[0-9a-f]{0,4}           #   Last group
(?: (?<=::)             #   Colon iff preceeded by exacly one colon
|  (?<!:)              #
|  (?<=:) (?<!::) :    #
)                      # OR
|                          #   A v4 address with NO leading zeros
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)
(?: \.
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)
){3}
)
\s*                         # Trailing whitespace
$
""", re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL)
return pattern.match(ip) is not None

IPv6版本使用“ (?:(?<=::)|(?<!::):)”，可以在支持条件句的正则表达式引擎上用“ (?(?<!::):)”替换。(即 PCRE、。NET)

编辑:

  • 放弃了原生变种。
  • 扩展了正则表达式以符合 RFC。
  • 为 IPv6地址添加了另一个正则表达式。

编辑2:

我找到了一些讨论如何用正则表达式解析 IPv6地址的链接:

编辑3:

最终设法编写了一个能够通过所有测试的模式，而且我对此也很满意。

小开

不用解析，直接问就行。

import socket


try:
socket.inet_aton(addr)
# legal
except socket.error:
# Not legal
小开

IPy 模块(一个为处理 IP 地址而设计的模块)将为无效地址抛出 ValueError 异常。

>>> from IPy import IP
>>> IP('127.0.0.1')
IP('127.0.0.1')
>>> IP('277.0.0.1')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: '277.0.0.1': single byte must be 0 <= byte < 256
>>> IP('foobar')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: invalid literal for long() with base 10: 'foobar'

然而，就像 Dustin 的回答一样，它会接受“4”和“192.168”这样的东西，因为正如前面提到的，这些都是 IP 地址的有效表示。

如果您正在使用 Python 3.3或更高版本，那么它现在包含了 Ipaddress 模块:

>>> import ipaddress
>>> ipaddress.ip_address('127.0.0.1')
IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')
>>> ipaddress.ip_address('277.0.0.1')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python3.3/ipaddress.py", line 54, in ip_address
address)
ValueError: '277.0.0.1' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address
>>> ipaddress.ip_address('foobar')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python3.3/ipaddress.py", line 54, in ip_address
address)
ValueError: 'foobar' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address

对于 Python 2，如果安装 Python-ipaddress，可以使用 ipaddress 获得相同的功能:

pip install ipaddress

这个模块与 Python 2兼容，并且提供了一个非常类似于 Python 标准库中自 Python 3.3以来包含的 ipaddress 模块的 API。更多细节 给你。在 Python2中，需要显式地将 IP 地址字符串转换为 unicode: ipaddress.ip_address(u'127.0.0.1')。

小开 
import socket


def is_valid_ipv4_address(address):
try:
socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, address)
except AttributeError:  # no inet_pton here, sorry
try:
socket.inet_aton(address)
except socket.error:
return False
return address.count('.') == 3
except socket.error:  # not a valid address
return False


return True


def is_valid_ipv6_address(address):
try:
socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, address)
except socket.error:  # not a valid address
return False
return True
小开

从 Python 3.4开始，检查 IPv6或 IPv4地址是否正确的最佳方法是使用 Python Standard Library 模块 ipaddress-IPv4/IPv6操作库 s.a. https://docs.python.org/3/library/ipaddress.html来获得完整的文档。

例如: 

#!/usr/bin/env python


import ipaddress
import sys


try:
ip = ipaddress.ip_address(sys.argv[1])
print('%s is a correct IP%s address.' % (ip, ip.version))
except ValueError:
print('address/netmask is invalid: %s' % sys.argv[1])
except:
print('Usage : %s  ip' % sys.argv[0])

其他版本: Github，phihag/Philipp Hagemeister，“ Python 3.3的旧版本的 ipaddress”，https://github.com/phihag/ipaddress

Phihag 的后端口可用，例如 Anaconda Python 2.7 & 包含在 Installer.s.a.https://docs.continuum.io/anaconda/pkg-docs中

用 pip 安装:

pip install ipaddress

17，“ IPv4/IPv6操作库”，“3.3 + ipaddress 模块的端口”，https://pypi.python.org/pypi/ipaddress/1.0.17

小开

我不得不对马库斯 · 贾德罗的文章大加赞赏——我的大部分文章都是受到他的启发。

我发现 Markus 的答案仍然不能满足他的答案所引用的 Perl 脚本中的一些 IPv6示例。

下面是传递 Perl 脚本中所有示例的正则表达式:

r"""^
\s* # Leading whitespace
# Zero-width lookaheads to reject too many quartets
(?:
# 6 quartets, ending IPv4 address; no wildcards
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){6}
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# 0-5 quartets, wildcard, ending IPv4 address
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# 0-4 quartets, wildcard, 0-1 quartets, ending IPv4 address
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:)))?
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# 0-3 quartets, wildcard, 0-2 quartets, ending IPv4 address
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,2}
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# 0-2 quartets, wildcard, 0-3 quartets, ending IPv4 address
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,3}
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# 0-1 quartets, wildcard, 0-4 quartets, ending IPv4 address
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){0,1}
(?:::(?!:))
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,4}
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# wildcard, 0-5 quartets, ending IPv4 address
(?:::(?!:))
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,5}
(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)
(?:\.(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]\d|\d)){3}
|
# 8 quartets; no wildcards
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){7}[0-9a-f]{1,4}
|
# 0-7 quartets, wildcard
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
|
# 0-6 quartets, wildcard, 0-1 quartets
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
|
# 0-5 quartets, wildcard, 0-2 quartets
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
|
# 0-4 quartets, wildcard, 0-3 quartets
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
|
# 0-3 quartets, wildcard, 0-4 quartets
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,2}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,3}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
|
# 0-2 quartets, wildcard, 0-5 quartets
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,1}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,4}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
|
# 0-1 quartets, wildcard, 0-6 quartets
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
(?:::(?!:))
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,5}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
|
# wildcard, 0-7 quartets
(?:::(?!:))
(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}(?::(?!:))){0,6}[0-9a-f]{1,4})?
)
(?:/(?:1(?:2[0-7]|[01]\d)|\d\d?))? # With an optional CIDR routing prefix (0-128)
\s* # Trailing whitespace
$"""

我还整合了一个 Python 脚本来测试所有这些 IPv6示例; 它是 在 Pastebin，因为它太大了，不能在这里发布。

您可以以“[ result ] = [ example ]”的形式运行带有测试结果和示例参数的脚本，比如:

python script.py Fail=::1.2.3.4: pass=::127.0.0.1 false=::: True=::1

或者您可以简单地通过不指定任何参数来运行所有的测试，比如:

python script.py

不管怎样，我希望这能帮到别人！

小开

我只需要解析 IP v4地址，基于 Chills 策略的解决方案如下:

def getIP():

valid = False

while not valid :

octets = raw_input( "Remote Machine IP Address:" ).strip().split(".")

try: valid=len( filter( lambda(item):0<=int(item)<256, octets) ) == 4

except: valid = False

return ".".join( octets )
小开

我希望它足够简单明了:

def is_valid_ip(ip):
m = re.match(r"^(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})\.(\d{1,3})$", ip)
return bool(m) and all(map(lambda n: 0 <= int(n) <= 255, m.groups()))
小开

我想出了这个简单的版本

def ip_checkv4(ip):
parts=ip.split(".")
if len(parts)<4 or len(parts)>4:
return "invalid IP length should be 4 not greater or less than 4"
else:
while len(parts)== 4:
a=int(parts[0])
b=int(parts[1])
c=int(parts[2])
d=int(parts[3])
if a<= 0 or a == 127 :
return "invalid IP address"
elif d == 0:
return "host id  should not be 0 or less than zero "
elif a>=255:
return "should not be 255 or greater than 255 or less than 0 A"
elif b>=255 or b<0:
return "should not be 255 or greater than 255 or less than 0 B"
elif c>=255 or c<0:
return "should not be 255 or greater than 255 or less than 0 C"
elif d>=255 or c<0:
return "should not be 255 or greater than 255 or less than 0 D"
else:
return "Valid IP address ", ip
        

p=raw_input("Enter IP address")
print ip_checkv4(p)
小开

将 IPv4地址视为“ ip”。

if re.match(r'^((\d{1,2}|1\d{2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}(\d{1,2}|1\d{2}|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])$', ip):
print "Valid IP"
else:
print "Invalid IP"

提交答案