Use .filter when you want to get the whole object(s) that match the expected property or properties. Use .map when you have an array of things and want to do some operation on those things and get the result.

The challenge is to get all of the messages that are 50 characters or less. So you can use filter to get only the messages that pass that test and then map to get only the message text.

function getShortMessages(messages) {
return messages
.filter(function(obj) {
return obj.message.length <= 50;
})
.map(function(obj) {
return obj.message;
});
}

JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/rbbk65sq/

If it is possible for the input objects to not have a message property, you would want to test for it with obj.message && obj.message.length <= 50 like this:

function getShortMessages(messages) {
return messages
.filter(function(obj) {
return obj.message && obj.message.length <= 50;
})
.map(function(obj) {
return obj.message;
});
}

ES6

The same code samples in ES6:

const getShortMessages = (messages) => messages
.filter(obj => obj.message.length <= 50)
.map(obj => obj.message);

And if the input objects might not have the message property:

const getShortMessages = (messages) => messages
.filter(obj => obj.message && obj.message.length <= 50)
.map(obj => obj.message);

JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/npfsrwjq/

Though I realize this thread is super old, I felt it necessary to comment in the event that someone stumbles on it again. I would do it like above just using es6 syntax like this:

objects.filter(obj => obj.key === 'value').map(filteredObj => filteredObj.key);

So the above example would be:

getShortMessages = (messages) => messages.filter(obj => obj.message.length <= 50).map(obj => obj.message);

With custom return value (Simple ES6 Example);

const customReturnFiltere = (result) => {
return products.filter((obj) => {
return obj.stock !== 0;
})
.map((finalResult) => {
return {
...finalResult,
info: 'product will be filtered if stock is 0'
}
});
}

In case someone is looking for a single pass through it can be done with .reduce()

So instead of doing:

const getShortMessages = (messages) => messages
.filter(obj => obj.message.length <= 50)
.map(obj => obj.message);

You can do:

const getShortMessages = (messages) => {
return messages.reduce((shortMessages, i) => {
if (i.message.length <= 50) {
shortMessages.push(i.message)
}
return shortMessages
},[])
}

Or if you want even shorter hand:

const getShortMessages = (messages) => messages.reduce((shortMessages, item) => (item.message.length <= 50)
? shortMessages=[...shortMessages,item.message] : shortMessages,[])

In addition, I am using ES6 Destructure with filter and compare two object array. And finally map specific fields those i need actually.

Initialization

const bumperDealRules =[]; // Array object
const cartItems =[]; // Array object

Final code

const bumperDealsSelected = bumperDealRules.filter(
({ item_display_id: item_display_id, purchasequantity: purchasequantity })
=> cartItems.some(({ id: id, action_from: action_from, order_qty:  order_qty })
=> id === item_display_id && purchasequantity <= order_qty &&  action_from == 'bumper_deal' )
).map(function(obj) {
return {
bumper_deal_company_name_id: obj.bumper_deal_company_name_id,
from_amount: obj.from_amount,
to_amount: obj.to_amount,
discount: obj.discount,
highest_limit: obj.highest_limit
};
});