如何向 Vagrant VM 添加自己的公钥？

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最佳答案

Copying the desired public key would fall squarely into the provisioning phase. The exact answer depends on what provisioning you fancy to use (shell, Chef, Puppet etc). The most trivial would be a file provisioner for the key, something along this:

config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub", destination: "~/.ssh/me.pub"

Well, actually you need to append to authorized_keys. Use the the shell provisioner, like so:

Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
# ... other config
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
cat /home/vagrant/.ssh/me.pub >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
# ... other config
end

You can also use a true provisioner, like Puppet. For example see Managing SSH Authorized Keys with Puppet.

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You can use Ruby's core File module, like so:

  config.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
s.inline = <<-SHELL
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
end

This working example appends ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys of both the vagrant and root user, which will allow you to use your existing SSH key.

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There's a more "elegant" way of accomplishing what you want to do. You can find the existing private key and use it instead of going through the trouble of adding your public key.

Proceed like this to see the path to existing private key (look below for IdentityFile):

run

 vagrant ssh-config

result:

$ vagrant ssh-config
Host magento2.vagrant150
HostName 127.0.0.1
User vagrant
Port 3150
UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null
StrictHostKeyChecking no
PasswordAuthentication no
IdentityFile "/Users/madismanni/m2/vagrant-magento/.vagrant/machines/magento2.vagrant150/virtualbox/private_key"
IdentitiesOnly yes
LogLevel FATAL

Then you can use the private key like this, note also the switch for switching off password authentication

ssh -i /Users/madismanni/m2/vagrant-magento/.vagrant/machines/magento2.vagrant150/virtualbox/private_key -o PasswordAuthentication=no vagrant@127.0.0.1 -p 3150

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A shorter and more correct code should be:

ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: 'mkdir -p /root/.ssh'
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys", privileged: false

Otherwise user's .ssh/authorized_keys will belong to root user.

Still it will add a line at every provision run, but Vagrant is used for testing and a VM usually have short life, so not a big problem.

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I end up using code like:

config.ssh.forward_agent    = true
config.ssh.insert_key       = false
config.ssh.private_key_path =  ["~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key","~/.ssh/id_rsa"]
config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false do |s|
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
s.inline = <<-SHELL
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo bash -c "echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
SHELL
end

Note that we should not hard code path to /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys since some vagrant boxes not using the vagrant username.

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This is an excellent thread that helped me solve a similar situation as the original poster describes.

While I ultimately used the settings/logic presented in smartwjw’s answer, I ran into a hitch since I use the VAGRANT_HOME environment variable to save the core vagrant.d directory stuff on an external hard drive on one of my development systems.

So here is the adjusted code I am using in my Vagrantfile to accommodate for a VAGRANT_HOME environment variable being set; the “magic” happens in this line vagrant_home_path = ENV["VAGRANT_HOME"] ||= "~/.vagrant.d":

config.ssh.insert_key = false
config.ssh.forward_agent = true
vagrant_home_path = ENV["VAGRANT_HOME"] ||= "~/.vagrant.d"
config.ssh.private_key_path = ["#{vagrant_home_path}/insecure_private_key", "~/.ssh/id_rsa"]
config.vm.provision :shell, privileged: false do |shell_action|
ssh_public_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
shell_action.inline = <<-SHELL
echo #{ssh_public_key} >> /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys
SHELL
end

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Generate a rsa key pair for vagrant authentication ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/vagrant

You might also want to add the vagrant identity files to your ~/.ssh/config

IdentityFile ~/.ssh/vagrant
IdentityFile ~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key

For some reason we can't just specify the key we want to insert so we take a few extra steps to generate a key ourselves. This way we get security and knowledge of exactly which key we need (+ all vagrant boxes will get the same key)

Can't ssh to vagrant VMs using the insecure private key (vagrant 1.7.2) How do I add my own public key to Vagrant VM?

config.ssh.insert_key = false
config.ssh.private_key_path = ['~/.ssh/vagrant', '~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key']
config.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.ssh/vagrant.pub", destination: "/home/vagrant/.ssh/vagrant.pub"
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
cat /home/vagrant/.ssh/vagrant.pub >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
mkdir -p /root/.ssh
cat /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

SHELL

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For the inline shell provisioners - it is common for a public key to contains spaces, comments, etc. So make sure to put (escaped) quotes around the var that expands to the public key:

config.vm.provision 'shell', inline: "echo \"#{ssh_pub_key}\" >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys", privileged: false

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This excellent answer was added by user76329 in a rejected Suggested Edit

Expanding on Meow's example, we can copy the local pub/private ssh keys, set permissions, and make the inline script idempotent (runs once and will only repeat if the test condition fails, thus needing provisioning):

config.vm.provision "shell" do |s|
ssh_prv_key = ""
ssh_pub_key = ""
if File.file?("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa")
ssh_prv_key = File.read("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa")
ssh_pub_key = File.readlines("#{Dir.home}/.ssh/id_rsa.pub").first.strip
else
puts "No SSH key found. You will need to remedy this before pushing to the repository."
end
s.inline = <<-SHELL
if grep -sq "#{ssh_pub_key}" /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys; then
echo "SSH keys already provisioned."
exit 0;
fi
echo "SSH key provisioning."
mkdir -p /home/vagrant/.ssh/
touch /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo #{ssh_pub_key} >> /home/vagrant/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo #{ssh_pub_key} > /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
chmod 644 /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
echo "#{ssh_prv_key}" > /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa
chmod 600 /home/vagrant/.ssh/id_rsa
chown -R vagrant:vagrant /home/vagrant
exit 0
SHELL
end

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None of the older posts worked for me although some came close. I had to make rsa keys with keygen in the terminal and go with custom keys. In other words defeated from using Vagrant's keys.

I'm on Mac OS Mojave as of the date of this post. I've setup two Vagrant boxes in one Vagrantfile. I'm showing all of the first box so newbies can see the context. I put the .ssh folder in the same folder as the Vagrant file, otherwise use user9091383 setup.

Credit for this solution goes to this coder.

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.define "pfbox", primary: true do |pfbox|
pfbox.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 8084, guest: 80
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 8080, guest: 8080
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 8079, guest: 8079
pfbox.vm.network "forwarded_port", host: 3000, guest: 3000
pfbox.vm.provision :shell, path: ".provision/bootstrap.sh"
pfbox.vm.synced_folder "ubuntu", "/home/vagrant"
pfbox.vm.provision "file", source: "~/.gitconfig", destination: "~/.gitconfig"
pfbox.vm.network "private_network", type: "dhcp"
pfbox.vm.network "public_network"
pfbox.ssh.insert_key = false
ssh_key_path = ".ssh/"  # This may not be necessary.  I may remove.
pfbox.vm.provision "shell", inline: "mkdir -p /home/vagrant/.ssh"
pfbox.ssh.private_key_path = ["~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key", ".ssh/id_rsa"]
pfbox.vm.provision "file", source: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub", destination: ".ssh/authorized_keys"
pfbox.vm.box_check_update = "true"
pfbox.vm.hostname = "pfbox"
# VirtualBox
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# vb.gui = true
vb.name = "pfbox" # friendly name for Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager
vb.memory = 2048 # memory in megabytes 2.0 GB
vb.cpus = 1 # cpu cores, can't be more than the host actually has.
end
end
config.vm.define "dbbox" do |dbbox|
...

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Madis Maenni answer is closest to best solution:

just do:

vagrant ssh-config >> ~/.ssh/config
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config

then you can just ssh via hostname.

To get list of hostnames configured in ~/.ssh/config

grep -E '^Host ' ~/.ssh/config

My example:

$ grep -E '^Host' ~/.ssh/config
Host web
Host db
$ ssh web
[vagrant@web ~]$

小开

A pretty complete example, hope this helps someone who visits next. Moved all the concrete values to external config files. IP assignment is just for trying out.

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :


require 'yaml'
vmconfig = YAML.load_file('vmconfig.yml')


=begin
Script to created VMs with public IPs, VM creation governed by the provided
config file.
All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
you're doing
Default user `vagrant` is created and ssh key is overridden. make sure to have
the files `vagrant_rsa` (private key) and `vagrant_rsa.pub` (public key) in the
path `./.ssh/`
Same files need to be available for all the users you want to create in each of
these VMs
=end


uid_start = vmconfig['uid_start']
ip_start = vmconfig['ip_start']
vagrant_private_key = Dir.pwd + '/.ssh/vagrant_rsa'
guest_sshkeys = '/' + Dir.pwd.split('/')[-1] + '/.ssh/'
Vagrant.configure('2') do |config|
vmconfig['machines'].each do |machine|
config.vm.define "#{machine}" do |node|
ip_start += 1
node.vm.box = vmconfig['vm_box_name']
node.vm.box_version = vmconfig['vm_box_version']
node.vm.box_check_update = false
node.vm.boot_timeout = vmconfig['vm_boot_timeout']
node.vm.hostname = "#{machine}"
node.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "#{vmconfig['bridge_name']}", auto_config: false
node.vm.provision "shell", run: "always", inline: "ifconfig #{vmconfig['ethernet_device']} #{vmconfig['public_ip_part']}#{ip_start} netmask #{vmconfig['subnet_mask']} up"
node.ssh.insert_key = false
node.ssh.private_key_path = ['~/.vagrant.d/insecure_private_key', "#{vagrant_private_key}"]
node.vm.provision "file", source: "#{vagrant_private_key}.pub", destination: "~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
node.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-EOC
sudo sed -i -e "\\#PasswordAuthentication yes# s#PasswordAuthentication yes#PasswordAuthentication no#g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo systemctl restart sshd.service
EOC
vmconfig['users'].each do |user|
uid_start += 1
node.vm.provision "shell", run: "once", privileged: true, inline: <<-CREATEUSER
sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -U #{user} -u #{uid_start}
sudo mkdir /home/#{user}/.ssh
sudo cp #{guest_sshkeys}#{user}_rsa.pub /home/#{user}/.ssh/authorized_keys
sudo chown -R #{user}:#{user} /home/#{user}
sudo su
echo "%#{user} ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/#{user}
exit
CREATEUSER
end
end
end