STR=$'Hello\nWorld'
echo "$STR" # quotes are required here!
打印:
Hello
World
如果你使用的是其他shell,只需在字符串中插入换行符:
STR='Hello
World'
Bash识别出$''字符串中的许多其他反斜杠转义序列。以下是Bash手册页面的节选:
Words of the form $'string' are treated specially. The word expands to
string, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
as follows:
\a alert (bell)
\b backspace
\e
\E an escape character
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\\ backslash
\' single quote
\" double quote
\nnn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
nnn (one to three digits)
\xHH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value HH (one or two hex digits)
\cx a control-x character
The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.
A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($"string") will cause
the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
current locale is C or POSIX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
\n ### A common way to represent a new line character.
\012 ### Octal value of a new line character.
\x0A ### Hexadecimal value of a new line character.
dash_trouble_example() {
e=$(echo hello world) # Not using 'local'.
echo "$e" # Fine. Outputs 'hello world' in all shells.
local e=$(echo hello world) # But now, when using 'local' without double quotes ...:
echo "$e" # ... oops, outputs just 'hello' in dash,
# ... but 'hello world' in bash and zsh.
local f="$(echo hello world)" # Finally, using 'local' and surrounding with double quotes.
echo "$f" # Solved. Outputs 'hello world' in dash, zsh, and bash.
# So back to our newline example, if we want to use 'local', we need
# double quotes to surround the command substitution:
# (If we didn't use double quotes here, then in dash the 'nl' variable
# would be empty.)
local nl="$(printf '\nq')"
nl=${nl%q}
}
上述解决方案的实际示例:
# Parsing lines in a for loop by setting IFS to a real newline character:
nl="$(printf '\nq')"
nl=${nl%q}
IFS=$nl
for i in $(printf '%b' 'this is line 1\nthis is line 2'); do
echo "i=$i"
done
# Desired output:
# i=this is line 1
# i=this is line 2
# Exercise:
# Try running this example without the IFS=$nl assignment, and predict the outcome.