如何使用 CPAN 作为非根用户？

我想在没有 root 访问权限的共享服务器上安装 perl 模块。我怎么能这么做？他们似乎也有一个旧版本的 CPAN (它抱怨说，当运行命令时) ，是否有可能更新我的帐户正在使用的 CPAN 命令而不需要 root 访问？

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http://web.archive.org/web/20120427144232/http://perl.jonallen.info/writing/articles/install-perl-modules-without-root

http://novosial.org/perl/life-with-cpan/non-root/

The main step in both sets of instructions involves local::lib module

AFAIK, CPAN logic is contained in Perl module (CPAN.pm) which means you can also easily install the newer one in your local directory as you would with any other Perl module.

Also, once you install your modules in non-standard location, check out these two questions on loading libraries from non-standard locations (some of the info is already available in the link above):

How does a Perl program know where to find the file containing Perl module it uses?

How is Perl’s @INC constructed? (aka What are all the ways of affecting where Perl modules are searched for?)

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最佳答案

The easiest method I have found so far is to say

wget -O- http://cpanmin.us | perl - -l ~/perl5 App::cpanminus local::lib
eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`
echo 'eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export MANPATH=$HOME/perl5/man:$MANPATH' >> ~/.profile

This assumes your profile is named .profile, you may need to change that to be .bash_profile, .bashrc, etc. After that you can install modules by saying

cpanm Module::Name

and simply use them the same way you would if the were installed in the root directories.

What follows is a brief explanation of what the commands above do.

wget -O- http://cpanmin.us fetches the latest version of cpanm and prints it to STDOUT which is then piped to perl - -l ~/perl5 App::cpanminus local::lib. The first - tells perl to expect the program to come in on STDIN, this makes perl run the version of cpanm we just downloaded. perl passes the rest of the arguments to cpanm. The cpanm1 argument tells cpanm where to install Perl modules, and the other two arguments are two modules to install. cpanm3]cpanm6 is the package that installs cpanm. cpanm7 is a helper module that manages the environment variables needed to run modules in local directory.

After those modules are installed we run 

eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`

to set the environment variables needed to use the local modules and then

echo 'eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`' >> ~/.profile

to ensure we will be able to use them the next time we log in.

echo 'export MANPATH=$HOME/perl5/man:$MANPATH' >> ~/.profile

will hopefully cause man to find the man pages for your local modules.

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For completeness, this is the installation process of cpanm on OSX if you want to keep your perl5 under ~/Library.

curl -L http://cpanmin.us | perl - -l ~/Library/perl5 App::cpanminus local::lib
eval `perl -I ~/Library/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=~/Library/perl5`
echo 'eval `perl -I ~/Library/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=~/Library/perl5`' >> ~/.bash_profile
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If you want to be able to read man pages for the cpanminus-installed modules as well, you should also make sure the correct subdirectory of the chosen library path is in MANPATH. So the above solution showing the installation process of cpanm needs the following additional command:

 export MANPATH=$HOME/Library/perl5/man:$MANPATH' >> ~/.bash_profile
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we have been using the following func during the last 6 months on over 20 deployments successful automated deployments to aws ... called from the main provisioning as follows, which is basically just a copy paste of the answers above, but in a single re-usable bash script:

 #! /usr/bin/env bash                                                                                                                                                     │··
│··
# a bash wrapper for check-installing required perl modules as non-root
main(){                                                                                                                                                                  │··
doSetVars                                                                                                                                                             │··
doCheckInstallPreReqs                                                                                                                                                 │··
perl $PRODUCT_INSTANCE_DIR/src/perl/my-perl-script.t                                                                                                                          │··
}                                                                                                                                                                        │··
│··
doSetVars(){                                                                                                                                                             │··
#set -x                                                                                                                                                               │··
umask 022    ;                                                                                                                                                        │··
set -u -o pipefail                                                                                                                                                    │··
run_unit_bash_dir=$(perl -e 'use File::Basename; use Cwd "abs_path"; print dirname(abs_path(@ARGV[0]));' -- "$0")                                                     │··
export PRODUCT_INSTANCE_DIR=$run_unit_bash_dir/../..                                                                                                                  │··
}                                                                                                                                                                        │··
│··
doCheckInstallPreReqs(){                                                                                                                                                 │··
eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`                                                                                                                         │··
perl -e '                                                                                                                                                             │··
use JSON ;                                                                                                                                                         │··
use Data::Printer;                                                                                                                                                 │··
use Test::Most ;                                                                                                                                                   │··
use Test::Mojo;                                                                                                                                                    │··
use Data::Printer ;                                                                                                                                                │··
use FindBin;                                                                                                                                                       │··
use JSON::Parse ;                                                                                                                                                  │··
use IPC::System::Simple ;                                                                                                                                          │··
use Mojolicious ;                                                                                                                                                  │··
' || {                                                                                                                                                                │··
curl -L http://cpanmin.us | perl - -l ~/perl5 App::cpanminus local::lib                                                                                         │··
eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`                                                                                                                   │··
echo 'eval `perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib`' >> ~/.bashrc                                                                                               │··
cpanm --local-lib=~/perl5 local::lib && eval $(perl -I ~/perl5/lib/perl5/ -Mlocal::lib)                                                                         │··
export PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1                                                                                                                                    │··
cpanm JSON Data::Printer Test::Most Test::Mojo Data::Printer FindBin JSON::Parse \                                                                              │··
IPC::System::Simple                                                                                                                                          │··
sudo curl -L cpanmin.us | perl - Mojolicious                                                                                                                    │··
}                                                                                                                                                                     │··
│··
}                                                                                                                                                                        │··
│··
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