如何在 matplotlib 中添加标签和轴之间的空间

It looks like matplotlib respects these settings as rcParams:

pylab.rcParams['xtick.major.pad']='8'
pylab.rcParams['ytick.major.pad']='8'

Set those before you create any figures and you should be fine.

I've looked at the source code and there doesn't appear to be any other way to set them programmatically. (tick.set_pad() looks like it tries to do the right thing, but the padding seems to be set when the Ticks are constructed and can't be changed after that.)

This can be done using set_pad but you then have to reset the label...

for tick in ax.get_xaxis().get_major_ticks():
tick.set_pad(8.)
tick.label1 = tick._get_text1()

If you don't want to change the spacing globally (by editing your rcParams), and want a cleaner approach, try this:

ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', pad=15)

or for just x axis

ax.tick_params(axis='x', which='major', pad=15)

or the y axis

ax.tick_params(axis='y', which='major', pad=15)

• As with many canonical questions, this one isn't very specific, and doesn't have a reproducible example, so here's an example for figure labels and title.
• The other answers are great for axes plots, but there are other options for a figure, which can all be positioned by specifying the x= and y= parameter.
  • fig.suptitle
  • fig.supxlabel
  • fig.supylabel
• Example from Figure labels: suptitle, supxlabel, supylabel

from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


fig, axs = plt.subplots(3, 5, figsize=(8, 5), constrained_layout=True,
sharex=True, sharey=True)


fname = get_sample_data('percent_bachelors_degrees_women_usa.csv',
asfileobj=False)
gender_degree_data = np.genfromtxt(fname, delimiter=',', names=True)


majors = ['Health Professions', 'Public Administration', 'Education',
'Psychology', 'Foreign Languages', 'English',
'Art and Performance', 'Biology',
'Agriculture', 'Business',
'Math and Statistics', 'Architecture', 'Physical Sciences',
'Computer Science', 'Engineering']


for nn, ax in enumerate(axs.flat):
ax.set_xlim(1969.5, 2011.1)
column = majors[nn]
column_rec_name = column.replace('\n', '_').replace(' ', '_')


line, = ax.plot('Year', column_rec_name, data=gender_degree_data, lw=2.5)
ax.set_title(column, fontsize='small', loc='left', y=1.05)  # move the axes title
ax.set_ylim([0, 100])
ax.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', pad=15)  # move the tick labels
ax.grid()


fig.supxlabel('Year', y=-0.15)  # with adjusted position
fig.supylabel('Percent Degrees Awarded To Women', x=-0.05)  # with adjusted position
fig.suptitle('Majors', y=1.15)  # with adjusted position


plt.show()

You can specify labelpad = n, when labelling your axes, for giving some space between ticklabels and the axis.

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt


plt.xlabel("X-axis Label", labelpad = 10)
plt.ylabel("Y-axis Label", labelpad = 10)