如何使用MySQLdb与Python和Django在OSX 10.6?

这是OSX 10.6用户经常讨论的问题，但我还没有找到一个有效的解决方案。下面是我的设置:

Python 2.6.1 64bit Django 1.2.1 " MySQL 5.1.47 osx10.6 64bit

我用——no-site-packages创建了一个virtualenvwrapper，然后安装Django。当我激活virtualenv并运行python manage.py syncdb时，我得到这个错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 11, in <module>
execute_manager(settings)
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 438, in execute_manager
utility.execute()
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 379, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 257, in fetch_command
klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand)
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 67, in load_command_class
module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name))
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py", line 7, in <module>
from django.core.management.sql import custom_sql_for_model, emit_post_sync_signal
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/sql.py", line 5, in <module>
from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/generic.py", line 6, in <module>
from django.db import connection
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 75, in <module>
connection = connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 91, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 32, in load_backend
return import_module('.base', backend_name)
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Users/joerobinson/.virtualenvs/dj_tut/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 14, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

我还安装了MySQL for Python适配器，但没有效果(可能我安装不正确?)

有人之前处理过这个问题吗?

286682 次浏览
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最佳答案

此问题是由于MySQL for Python适配器安装不完整/不正确造成的。具体来说，我必须编辑mysql_config文件的路径以指向/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config——本文将更详细地讨论:http://dakrauth.com/blog/entry/python-and-django-setup-mac-os-x-leopard/

小开

我有同样的错误，pip install MySQL-python为我解决了它。

备选安装:

  • 如果你没有pip， easy_install MySQL-python应该可以工作。
    • 如果你的python是由打包系统管理的，你可能不得不使用 that system(例如sudo apt-get install ...)

下面，Soli指出，如果你收到以下错误:

EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

．.． 然后还有一个进一步的系统依赖问题。解决方法因系统而异，但对于debian衍生系统:

sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb

小开

运行Ubuntu，我必须做:

sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb
小开

我在OSX 10.6.6上遇到了同样的问题。但只是在终端上一个简单的easy_install mysql-python并没有解决它，因为另一个问题随之而来:

error: command 'gcc-4.2' failed with exit status 1。

显然，这个问题是在从XCode3 (OSX 10.6自带)升级到XCode4之后出现的。这个更新的版本删除了对建造ppc拱门的支持。如果是同样的情况，尝试在easy_install mysql-python之前执行以下操作

sudo bash
export ARCHFLAGS='-arch i386 -arch x86_64'
rm -r build
python setup.py build
python setup.py install

非常感谢Ned Deily提供的解决方案。检查在这里

小开

加上其他答案，以下帮助我完成安装mysql-python:

virtualenv, mysql-python, pip:有人知道怎么做吗?< / >

在Ubuntu上……

apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
apt-get install python-dev
pip install mysql-python

如果您没有适当的权限，不要忘记在命令的开头添加'sudo'。

小开 
pip install mysql-python

引发一个错误:

mysql_config未找到

sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb

修复了问题。

小开

mysql_config必须在路径上。在Mac上

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
pip install MySQL-python
小开

我升级到OSX Mavericks和Pycharm 3，开始得到这个错误，我使用pip和easy install，得到这个错误:

命令“/usr/bin/clang”失败，退出状态为1。

所以我需要更新到Xcode 5，并再次尝试使用pip安装。

pip install mysql-python

解决了所有的问题。

小开

运行Ubuntu 13.10 64位时，以下操作对我来说非常有效:

sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
sudo apt-get install python-dev

现在，导航到你的virtualenv(例如env文件夹)并执行以下命令:

sudo ./bin/pip install mysql-python

我实际上在一个单独的问题中找到了解决方案，我在下面引用它:

如果您已经使用——no-site-packages开关创建了virtualenv (默认值)，然后在系统范围内安装诸如MySQLdb之类的附加组件 不包含在虚拟环境包中

您需要使用pip命令安装MySQLdb virtualenv。使用bin/activate激活virtualenv 脚本，或者在virtualenv中使用bin/pip来安装 MySQLdb库也在本地 或者，使用系统site-packages创建一个新的virtualenv 通过使用——system-site-package开关包含

我认为这也适用于OSX。唯一的问题是获得一个等效的命令来安装libmysqlclient-dev和python-dev，因为它们需要编译 mysql-python我想

希望这能有所帮助。

小开

试试这个:这为我解决了问题。

pip安装MySQL-python

小开

这适用于Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4

sudo yum install mysql-devel
sudo yum install python-devel
pip install mysql-python
小开

此处引发的错误是在导入python模块时。这可以通过在OS x上将python site-packages文件夹添加到环境变量$PYTHONPATH中来解决。因此我们可以在.bash_profile文件中添加以下命令:

export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:/usr/local/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/"

*将x.x替换为您正在使用的python版本

小开

试试下面的命令。他们为我工作:

brew install mysql-connector-c
pip install MySQL-python
小开

pip在windows 8 64位系统上不工作。 easy_install mysql-python适合我。 如果pip不起作用，可以使用easy_install来避免在窗口上构建二进制文件。< / p >

小开

sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb在ubuntu中完美工作

pip install mysql-python引发环境误差

小开

我是如何让它工作的:

virtualenv -p python3.5 env/test

在找到我的环境后:

pip install pymysql
pip install django

然后，我运行startproject，在manage.py中，我添加了这个:

+ try:
+     import pymysql
+     pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
+ except:
+     pass

同时，更新了内部设置:

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'foobar_db',
'USER': 'foobaruser',
'PASSWORD': 'foobarpwd',
}
}

我也有configparser==3.5.0安装在我的virtualenv，不确定这是否是必需的…

希望能有所帮助，

小开

你可以安装为pip install mysqlclient

小开

对我来说，重新安装mysql-python就解决了这个问题

pip uninstall mysql-python
pip install mysql-python
小开

如果你正在使用python3，那么试试这个(我的操作系统是Ubuntu 16.04):

sudo apt-get install python3-mysqldb
小开

安装命令行工具适用于我:

xcode-select --install
小开

我通过使用皮普安装MySQL-python库克服了同样的问题。当我第一次在settings.py中更改数据库设置并执行makemigrations命令时，您可以看到控制台上显示的消息(解决方案如下消息所示，请参阅)。

  (vir_env) admins-MacBook-Pro-3:src admin$ python manage.py makemigrations
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 312, in execute
django.setup()
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
app_config.import_models(all_models)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.12_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
class Permission(models.Model):
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
File "/usr/local/Cellar/python/2.7.12_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Users/admin/Desktop/SetUp1/vir_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 27, in <module>
raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading MySQLdb module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb

最终我克服了这个问题:

(vir_env) admins-MacBook-Pro-3:src admin$ pip install MySQLdb
Collecting MySQLdb
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement MySQLdb (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for MySQLdb
(vir_env) admins-MacBook-Pro-3:src admin$ pip install MySQL-python
Collecting MySQL-python
Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 364kB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: MySQL-python
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for MySQL-python ... done
Stored in directory: /Users/admin/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/38/a3/89/ec87e092cfb38450fc91a62562055231deb0049a029054dc62
Successfully built MySQL-python
Installing collected packages: MySQL-python
Successfully installed MySQL-python-1.2.5
(vir_env) admins-MacBook-Pro-3:src admin$ python manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected
(vir_env) admins-MacBook-Pro-3:src admin$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
Synchronize unmigrated apps: staticfiles, rest_framework, messages, crispy_forms
Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, sessions, auth, PyApp
Synchronizing apps without migrations:
Creating tables...
Running deferred SQL...
Installing custom SQL...
Running migrations:
Rendering model states... DONE
Applying PyApp.0001_initial... OK
Applying PyApp.0002_auto_20170310_0936... OK
Applying PyApp.0003_auto_20170310_0953... OK
Applying PyApp.0004_auto_20170310_0954... OK
Applying PyApp.0005_auto_20170311_0619... OK
Applying PyApp.0006_auto_20170311_0622... OK
Applying PyApp.0007_loraevksensor... OK
Applying PyApp.0008_auto_20170315_0752... OK
Applying PyApp.0009_auto_20170315_0753... OK
Applying PyApp.0010_auto_20170315_0806... OK
Applying PyApp.0011_auto_20170315_0814... OK
Applying PyApp.0012_auto_20170315_0820... OK
Applying PyApp.0013_auto_20170315_0822... OK
Applying PyApp.0014_auto_20170315_0907... OK
Applying PyApp.0015_auto_20170315_1041... OK
Applying PyApp.0016_auto_20170315_1355... OK
Applying PyApp.0017_auto_20170315_1401... OK
Applying PyApp.0018_auto_20170331_1348... OK
Applying PyApp.0019_auto_20170331_1349... OK
Applying PyApp.0020_auto_20170331_1350... OK
Applying PyApp.0021_auto_20170331_1458... OK
Applying PyApp.0022_delete_postoffice... OK
Applying PyApp.0023_posoffice... OK
Applying PyApp.0024_auto_20170331_1504... OK
Applying PyApp.0025_auto_20170331_1511... OK
Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
(vir_env) admins-MacBook-Pro-3:src admin$
小开

执行此命令

sudo pip install mysql-python;

现在可以运行命令了。

python manage.py startapp filename;
小开
我遇到过类似的情况，我在mac osx的virtualenv中使用python3.7和django 2.1。

.使用实例 
pip install mysql-python
pip install pymysql

并在项目文件夹中编辑__init__.py文件并添加以下内容:

import pymysql


pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

然后执行命令:python3 manage.py runserver 或python manage.py runserver < / p >


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