如何在ASP中获取客户端IP地址。网络核心?

小开

你可以使用IHttpConnectionFeature来获取这个信息。

var remoteIpAddress = httpContext.GetFeature<IHttpConnectionFeature>()?.RemoteIpAddress;

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var remoteIpAddress = HttpContext.Features.Get<IHttpConnectionFeature>()?.RemoteIpAddress;

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最佳答案

API已经更新。不确定它什么时候改变了，但根据达米恩·爱德华兹在12月下旬，你现在可以这样做:

var remoteIpAddress = request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;

小开

可以添加一些回退逻辑来处理负载均衡器的存在。

此外，通过检查，即使没有负载均衡器，X-Forwarded-For报头也恰好被设置了(可能是因为额外的Kestrel层?):

public string GetRequestIP(bool tryUseXForwardHeader = true)
{
string ip = null;


// todo support new "Forwarded" header (2014) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For


// X-Forwarded-For (csv list):  Using the First entry in the list seems to work
// for 99% of cases however it has been suggested that a better (although tedious)
// approach might be to read each IP from right to left and use the first public IP.
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/43554000/538763
//
if (tryUseXForwardHeader)
ip = GetHeaderValueAs<string>("X-Forwarded-For").SplitCsv().FirstOrDefault();


// RemoteIpAddress is always null in DNX RC1 Update1 (bug).
if (ip.IsNullOrWhitespace() && _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.Connection?.RemoteIpAddress != null)
ip = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();


if (ip.IsNullOrWhitespace())
ip = GetHeaderValueAs<string>("REMOTE_ADDR");


// _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.Request?.Host this is the local host.


if (ip.IsNullOrWhitespace())
throw new Exception("Unable to determine caller's IP.");


return ip;
}


public T GetHeaderValueAs<T>(string headerName)
{
StringValues values;


if (_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.Request?.Headers?.TryGetValue(headerName, out values) ?? false)
{
string rawValues = values.ToString();   // writes out as Csv when there are multiple.


if (!rawValues.IsNullOrWhitespace())
return (T)Convert.ChangeType(values.ToString(), typeof(T));
}
return default(T);
}


public static List<string> SplitCsv(this string csvList, bool nullOrWhitespaceInputReturnsNull = false)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(csvList))
return nullOrWhitespaceInputReturnsNull ? null : new List<string>();


return csvList
.TrimEnd(',')
.Split(',')
.AsEnumerable<string>()
.Select(s => s.Trim())
.ToList();
}


public static bool IsNullOrWhitespace(this string s)
{
return String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s);
}

假设_httpContextAccessor通过DI提供。

小开

在项目。Json添加一个依赖:

"Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides": "2.2.0"

在Startup.cs中，在Configure()方法中添加:

app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
{
ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor |
ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
});

当然，还有:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides;

然后，我可以通过使用:

Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress

在我的情况下，在VS中调试时，我总是得到IpV6 localhost，但在IIS上部署时，我总是得到远程IP。

一些有用的链接: 如何在ASP中获取客户端IP地址。网络核心?和RemoteIpAddress始终为空

::1可能是因为:

连接终止在IIS，然后转发到Kestrel, v.next web服务器，因此连接到web服务器确实是从本地主机。(https://stackoverflow.com/a/35442401/5326387)

编辑12/2020:由于SolidSnake:截至2020年12月，最新版本为2.2.0

编辑06/2021:感谢哈坎Fı圣ık:在。net 5中，命名空间是Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder

小开

首先，在。net Core 1.0中将using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;添加到控制器中然后在相关的方法中:

var ip = HttpContext.Features.Get<IHttpConnectionFeature>()?.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString();

我读了其他几个答案，因为它使用了小写的httpContext，导致VS使用Microsoft.AspNetCore添加。Http，而不是适当的使用，或与HttpContext(编译器也是误导)。

小开

在ASP。NET 2.1，在StartUp.cs中添加此服务:

services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
services.TryAddSingleton<IActionContextAccessor, ActionContextAccessor>();

然后做3步:

在MVC控制器中定义一个变量

private IHttpContextAccessor _accessor;

DI into the controller's constructor

public SomeController(IHttpContextAccessor accessor)
{
_accessor = accessor;
}

Retrieve the IP Address

_accessor.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString()

This is how it is done.

小开

这适用于我(DotNetCore 2.1)

[HttpGet]
public string Get()
{
var remoteIpAddress = HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;
return remoteIpAddress.ToString();
}

小开

在我的情况下，我用docker和nginx作为反向代理在DigitalOcean上运行DotNet Core 2.2 Web应用程序。使用Startup.cs中的这段代码，我可以获得客户端IP

app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
{
ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.All,
RequireHeaderSymmetry = false,
ForwardLimit = null,
KnownNetworks = { new IPNetwork(IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:172.17.0.1"), 104) }
});

::ffff:172.17.0.1是我在使用之前获得的ip

Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();

小开

要在。net Core中获取IP地址和主机名，在控制器中输入以下代码:

var addlist = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName());
string GetHostName = addlist.HostName.ToString();
string GetIPV6 = addlist.AddressList[0].ToString();
string GetIPV4 = addlist.AddressList[1].ToString();

小开

试试这个。

var host = Dns.GetHostEntry(Dns.GetHostName());
foreach (var ip in host.AddressList)
{
if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
{
ipAddress = ip.ToString();
}
}

小开

我发现，你们中的一些人发现你们得到的IP地址是:::1或0.0.0.1

这是一个问题，因为你试图从你自己的机器获取IP，而c#试图返回IPv6的混乱。

所以，我实现了来自@Johna (https://stackoverflow.com/a/41335701/812720)和@David (https://stackoverflow.com/a/8597351/812720)的答案，感谢他们!

下面是解决方案:

在引用中添加Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides包(依赖项/包)

在Startup.cs中添加这一行

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
// your current code


// start code to add
// to get ip address
app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
{
ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor | ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
});
// end code to add


}

to get IPAddress, use this code in any of your Controller.cs

IPAddress remoteIpAddress = Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;
string result = "";
if (remoteIpAddress != null)
{
// If we got an IPV6 address, then we need to ask the network for the IPV4 address
// This usually only happens when the browser is on the same machine as the server.
if (remoteIpAddress.AddressFamily == System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
{
remoteIpAddress = System.Net.Dns.GetHostEntry(remoteIpAddress).AddressList
.First(x => x.AddressFamily == System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
}
result = remoteIpAddress.ToString();
}

and now you can get IPv4 address from remoteIpAddress or result

小开

在负载均衡器后面的IIS上运行.NET core(3.1.4)不能与其他建议的解决方案一起工作。

手动读取X-Forwarded-For头文件。此代码假设报头包含一个IP

IPAddress ip;
var headers = Request.Headers.ToList();
if (headers.Exists((kvp) => kvp.Key == "X-Forwarded-For"))
{
// when running behind a load balancer you can expect this header
var header = headers.First((kvp) => kvp.Key == "X-Forwarded-For").Value.ToString();
// in case the IP contains a port, remove ':' and everything after
ip = IPAddress.Parse(header.Remove(header.IndexOf(':')));
}
else
{
// this will always have a value (running locally in development won't have the header)
ip = Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;
}

由于@JawadAlShaikh和@BozoJoe指出IP可以包含一个端口，而X-Forwarded-For可以包含多个IP。

小开

运行ASP。在Ubuntu上的Traefik反向代理后面的NET Core 2.1，我需要在安装官方Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides包后在KnownProxies中设置它的网关IP

        var forwardedOptions = new ForwardedHeadersOptions {
ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor,
};
forwardedOptions.KnownProxies.Add(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.3.1"));
app.UseForwardedHeaders(forwardedOptions);

根据的文档，如果反向代理没有在本地主机上运行，这是必需的。Traefik的docker-compose.yml已经分配了一个静态IP地址:

networks:
my-docker-network:
ipv4_address: 192.168.3.2

或者，它应该足以确保在这里定义了一个已知的网络，并在. net Core中指定其网关。

小开

在。net 5中，我使用它通过AWS fargate上的容器来检索客户端IP。

public static class HttpContextExtensions
{
//https://gist.github.com/jjxtra/3b240b31a1ed3ad783a7dcdb6df12c36


public static IPAddress GetRemoteIPAddress(this HttpContext context, bool allowForwarded = true)
{
if (allowForwarded)
{
string header = (context.Request.Headers["CF-Connecting-IP"].FirstOrDefault() ?? context.Request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"].FirstOrDefault());
if (IPAddress.TryParse(header, out IPAddress ip))
{
return ip;
}
}
return context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;
}
}

你这样称呼它:

var ipFromExtensionMethod = HttpContext.GetRemoteIPAddress().ToString();

Source .

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从这个链接，有一个更好的解决方案。

在Startup.cs中，我们需要添加service-

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
........
services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
........
}

然后在任何控制器或任何地方，我们都需要像这样通过依赖注入来使用它

private IHttpContextAccessor HttpContextAccessor { get; }


public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options, IWebHostEnvironment env, IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor)
: base(options)
{
Environment = env;
HttpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
//this.Database.EnsureCreated();
}

然后得到这样的IP

IPAddress userIp = HttpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress;

小开

@crokusek的回答的简短版本

public string GetUserIP(HttpRequest req)
{
var ip = req.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"].FirstOrDefault();


if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ip)) ip = ip.Split(',')[0];


if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ip)) ip = Convert.ToString(req.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress);


if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ip)) ip = req.Headers["REMOTE_ADDR"].FirstOrDefault();


return ip;
}

小开

截至2021年9月- ASP。NET Core (5.x) MVC项目允许我在我的控制器中以这种方式获取IP地址:

Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress

现在似乎比过去简单多了。

小开

根据官方文档，如果你使用Apache或Nginx集成，下面的代码应该添加到Startup.ConfigureServices方法中。

// using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides;


services.Configure<ForwardedHeadersOptions>(options =>
{
options.ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor |
ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto;
// Only loopback proxies are allowed by default.
// Clear that restriction because forwarders are enabled by explicit
// configuration.
options.KnownNetworks.Clear();
options.KnownProxies.Clear();
});

然后在所有东西之上，在Configure方法中使用

app.UseForwardedHeaders();

进一步假设在nginx conf文件中，在一个位置内，使用

proxy_set_header   Host $host;
proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;

现在X-Forwarded-For中的第一个条目将是真正的客户端IP。

重要的是:如果你想保护应用程序，不允许攻击者注入x - forward - for，请阅读此回答。

请参见转发Linux和非iis反向代理方案，配置Nginx和处理无效头文件

小开

第一次添加

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http
services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();

ConfigureServices中的> 然后在控制器中添加以下代码

   private IHttpContextAccessor _accessor;
    

public LoginController(IHttpContextAccessor accessor)
{
_accessor = accessor;
}


public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
var ip = _accessor.HttpContext?.Connection?.RemoteIpAddress?.ToString();
return new string[] { ip, "value" };
}

希望这对你有用

小开

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;


public string GetClientIPAddress(HttpContext context)
{
string ip = string.Empty;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(context.Request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"]))
{
ip = context.Request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"];
}
else
{
ip = context.Request.HttpContext.Features.Get<IHttpConnectionFeature>().RemoteIpAddress.ToString();
}
return ip;
}

你想获取Ip地址;

GetClientIPAddress(HttpContext);

小开

试试这个:

{httpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress}:{httpContext.Connection.RemotePort}";

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也可以从外部服务获取IP。

public string GetIP()
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
var result = client.GetStringAsync("https://jsonip.com/").Result;
var ip = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RemoteIPDto>(result.ToString()).IP;
return ip;
}

RemoteIPDto类在哪里

public class RemoteIPDto
{
[JsonPropertyName("ip")]
public string IP { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("geo-ip")]
public string GeoIp { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("API Help")]
public string ApiHelp { get; set; }
}

小开

你也可以使用api.db-ip.com web服务同时获取IP地址和位置。

这项服务是免费的，但有一个限制:每天1000次请求。

public string GetRemoteIP()
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
var result = client.GetStringAsync("https://api.db-ip.com/v2/free/self").Result;
var ip = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RemoteIPDto>(result.ToString()).IP;
return ip;
}
public static string GetUserAddress()
{
HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
var result = client.GetStringAsync("https://api.db-ip.com/v2/free/self").Result;
var location = result.ToString();
return remoteAddress;
}

RemoteIPDto类在哪里

public class RemoteIPDto
{
[JsonPropertyName("ipAddress")]
public string IP { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("continentCode")]
public string ContinentCode { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("continentName")]
public string ContinentName { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("countryCode")]
public string CountryCode { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("countryName")]
public string CountryName { get; set; }
[JsonPropertyName("city")]
public string City { get; set; }
}

小开

注意:当使用localhost时，IP地址总是“0.0.0.1”;但是当我在AWS EC2实例上使用Nginx托管应用程序时，我收到了正确的Ip地址。

将以下包添加到您的项目中:

"Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpOverrides": "2.2.0"

然后在Startup.cs (确保把它放在app.UseStaticFiles()和app.UseRouting()之前)中的Configure()方法中添加以下内容

app.UseForwardedHeaders(new ForwardedHeadersOptions
{
ForwardedHeaders = ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedFor | ForwardedHeaders.XForwardedProto
});
    

// app.UseStaticFiles();
// app.UseRouting();

然后在你的控制器类中，你可以使用下面的代码获取IP地址:

IPAddress remoteIpAddress = Request.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.MapToIPv4()?.ToString();