Java可序列化对象到字节数组

假设我有一个可序列化的类AppMessage

我想通过套接字将它作为byte[]传输到另一台机器,在那里它从接收到的字节重新构建。

我怎么才能做到呢?

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准备要发送的字节数组:

ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out = null;
try {
out = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
out.writeObject(yourObject);
out.flush();
byte[] yourBytes = bos.toByteArray();
...
} finally {
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
// ignore close exception
}
}

从字节数组创建一个对象:

ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(yourBytes);
ObjectInput in = null;
try {
in = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
Object o = in.readObject();
...
} finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
// ignore close exception
}
}

最好的方法是使用Apache Commons Lang中的SerializationUtils

序列化:

byte[] data = SerializationUtils.serialize(yourObject);

反序列化:

YourObject yourObject = SerializationUtils.deserialize(data)

如前所述,这需要Commons Lang库。它可以使用Gradle导入:

compile 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.5'

Maven:

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.5</version>
</dependency>

Jar文件 . Jar文件

和更多的方法提到在这里

或者,可以导入整个集合。参考这个链接

如果你使用Java >= 7,你可以使用尝试使用资源来改进被接受的解决方案:

private byte[] convertToBytes(Object object) throws IOException {
try (ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)) {
out.writeObject(object);
return bos.toByteArray();
}
}

反过来说:

private Object convertFromBytes(byte[] bytes) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
try (ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(bis)) {
return in.readObject();
}
}

可以通过SerializationUtils,通过serialize &如@uris answer中所述,ApacheUtils使用反序列化方法将对象转换为字节[],反之亦然。

通过序列化将一个对象转换为字节[]:

byte[] data = SerializationUtils.serialize(object);

通过反序列化将byte[]转换为object::

Object object = (Object) SerializationUtils.deserialize(byte[] data)

单击下载org-apache-commons-lang.jar的链接

通过点击整合.jar文件:

文件名 -> 打开模式设置 -> 选择您的模块 -> 依赖关系 -> 添加Jar文件,你就完成了。

希望这能有所帮助

我也推荐使用SerializationUtils工具。我想对@Abilash的错误评论做一个调整。SerializationUtils.serialize()方法是限制为1024字节,与这里的另一个答案相反。

public static byte[] serialize(Object object) {
if (object == null) {
return null;
}
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
try {
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
oos.writeObject(object);
oos.flush();
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to serialize object of type: " + object.getClass(), ex);
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}

乍一看,你可能认为new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024)只允许一个固定的大小。但如果你仔细观察ByteArrayOutputStream,你会发现流在必要时还会增长:

这个类实现了一个输出流,其中数据为 写入字节数组。缓冲区自动作为数据增长 被写入。 数据可以使用toByteArray()toString() . < / p >

我想通过套接字将它作为字节[]传输到另一台机器

// When you connect
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
// When you want to send it
oos.writeObject(appMessage);

从接收到的字节重新构建。

// When you connect
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
// When you want to receive it
AppMessage appMessage = (AppMessage)ois.readObject();

Java 8+的代码示例:

public class Person implements Serializable {


private String lastName;
private String firstName;


public Person() {
}


public Person(String firstName, String lastName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
}


public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}


public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}


public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}


public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}


@Override
public String toString() {
return "firstName: " + firstName + ", lastName: " + lastName;
}
}




public interface PersonMarshaller {
default Person fromStream(InputStream inputStream) {
try (ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream)) {
Person person= (Person) objectInputStream.readObject();
return person;
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
return null;
}
}


default OutputStream toStream(Person person) {
try (OutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
ObjectOutput objectOutput = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);
objectOutput.writeObject(person);
objectOutput.flush();
return outputStream;
} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
return null;
}


}


}

另一个有趣的方法来自com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper

byte[] data = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsBytes(JAVA_OBJECT_HERE)

Maven的依赖

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>

Spring Framework org.springframework.util.SerializationUtils

byte[] data = SerializationUtils.serialize(obj);

如果你使用spring,在spring-core中有一个util类可用。你可以简单地

import org.springframework.util.SerializationUtils;


byte[] bytes = SerializationUtils.serialize(anyObject);
Object object = SerializationUtils.deserialize(bytes);

如果你想要一个不错的无依赖复制粘贴解决方案。获取下面的代码。

例子

MyObject myObject = ...


byte[] bytes = SerializeUtils.serialize(myObject);
myObject = SerializeUtils.deserialize(bytes);

import java.io.*;


public class SerializeUtils {


public static byte[] serialize(Serializable value) throws IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();


try(ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(out)) {
outputStream.writeObject(value);
}


return out.toByteArray();
}


public static <T extends Serializable> T deserialize(byte[] data) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
try(ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(data)) {
//noinspection unchecked
return (T) new ObjectInputStream(bis).readObject();
}
}
}

这只是一个被接受的答案的优化代码形式,以防有人想在生产中使用它:

    public static void byteArrayOps() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException{


String str="123";
byte[] yourBytes = null;


// Convert to byte[]


try(ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out =  new ObjectOutputStream(bos);) {




out.writeObject(str);
out.flush();
yourBytes = bos.toByteArray();


} finally {


}


// convert back to Object


try(ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(yourBytes);
ObjectInput in = new ObjectInputStream(bis);) {


Object o = in.readObject();


} finally {


}








}