As a developer who has deployed an MVC project on GoDaddy's ASP.NET shared hosting, I can tell you with certainty that you can do this, and it's quite easy.
First, make sure that you've gotten
a GoDaddy windows hosting plan (they
sell both Linux and Windows plans).
Next, make sure that you've set the hosting account to use ASP 2.0/3.0/3.5 (this is enabled by default AFAIK -- but you need to make sure it's set to this if you've changed it in the past). You set this by clicking 'Manage Account' / Content / IIS Settings.