在同一个函数中返回和产出

在 Python 中，在同一个函数中使用屈服和返回时，到底会发生什么？

def find_all(a_str, sub):
start = 0
while True:
start = a_str.find(sub, start)
if start == -1: return
yield start
start += len(sub) # use start += 1 to find overlapping matches

还是发电机吗？

45050 次浏览
小开
最佳答案

Yes, it' still a generator. The return is (almost) equivalent to raising StopIteration.

PEP 255 spells it out:

Specification: Return

A generator function can also contain return statements of the form:

"return"

Note that an expression_list is not allowed on return statements in the body of a generator (although, of course, they may appear in the bodies of non-generator functions nested within the generator).

When a return statement is encountered, control proceeds as in any function return, executing the appropriate finally clauses (if any exist). Then a StopIteration exception is raised, signalling that the iterator is exhausted. A StopIteration exception is also raised if control flows off the end of the generator without an explict return.

Note that return means "I'm done, and have nothing interesting to return", for both generator functions and non-generator functions.

Note that return isn't always equivalent to raising StopIteration: the difference lies in how enclosing try/except constructs are treated. For example,

>>> def f1():
...     try:
...         return
...     except:
...        yield 1
>>> print list(f1())
[]

because, as in any function, return simply exits, but

>>> def f2():
...     try:
...         raise StopIteration
...     except:
...         yield 42
>>> print list(f2())
[42]

because StopIteration is captured by a bare "except", as is any exception.

小开

Yes, it is still a generator. An empty return or return None can be used to end a generator function. It is equivalent to raising a StopIteration(see @NPE's answer for details).

Note that a return with non-None arguments is a SyntaxError in Python versions prior to 3.3.

As pointed out by @BrenBarn in comments starting from Python 3.3 the return value is now passed to StopIteration.

From PEP 380:

In a generator, the statement

return value

is semantically equivalent to

raise StopIteration(value)
小开

There is a way to accomplish having a yield and return method in a function that allows you to return a value or generator.

It probably is not as clean as you would want but it does do what you expect.

Here's an example:

def six(how_many=None):
if how_many is None or how_many < 1:
return None  # returns value


if how_many == 1:
return 6  # returns value


def iter_func():
for count in range(how_many):
yield 6
return iter_func()  # returns generator
小开

Note: you don't get StopIteration exception with the example below.

def odd(max):
n = 0
while n < max:
yield n
n = n + 1
return 'done'




for x in odd(3):
print(x)

The for loop catches it. That's its signal to stop

But you can catch it in this way:

g = odd(3)


while True:
try:
x = next(g)
print(x)
except StopIteration as e:
print("g return value:", e.value)
break

提交答案