Django 1.7升级错误: AppRegistryNotReady: 应用程序尚未加载

我正在尝试将一个项目从 Django 1.6升级到1.7:

[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] mod_wsgi (pid=14523): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/users1/k/kisvadim/domains/mathtasks.org/django.wsgi'.
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 187, in __call__
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.get_response(request)
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 199, in get_response
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 239, in handle_uncaught_exception
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] if resolver.urlconf_module is None:
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 361, in urlconf_module
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] __import__(name)
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/mathtasks/urls.py", line 11, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] admin.autodiscover()
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/__init__.py", line 23, in autodiscover
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] autodiscover_modules('admin', register_to=site)
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/module_loading.py", line 67, in autodiscover_modules
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] for app_config in apps.get_app_configs():
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 137, in get_app_configs
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self.check_apps_ready()
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 124, in check_apps_ready
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] raise AppRegistryNotReady("Apps aren't loaded yet.")
[Thu Oct 09 14:16:41 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.

Wsgi:

import os, sys
import django
virtual_env = os.path.expanduser('~/virtualenv/PythonEnv')
activate_this = os.path.join(virtual_env, 'bin/activate_this.py')
execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), 'django/mathtasks'))
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mathtasks.settings'
django.setup()
import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

有什么办法可能导致错误，以及如何修复它？

更新1:

我替换了:

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

致:

from django.conf import settings
User = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL

我得到如下错误:

[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] mod_wsgi (pid=17128): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/users1/k/kisvadim/domains/mathtasks.org/django.wsgi'.
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 187, in __call__
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.get_response(request)
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 199, in get_response
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 239, in handle_uncaught_exception
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] if resolver.urlconf_module is None:
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 361, in urlconf_module
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] __import__(name)
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/mathtasks/urls.py", line 6, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from utils.views import SniptRegistrationView
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/utils/views.py", line 1, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.backends.default.views import RegistrationView
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/backends/default/views.py", line 7, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.views import ActivationView as BaseActivationView
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/views.py", line 11, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.forms import RegistrationForm
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/forms.py", line 159, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] class UserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm):
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/forms/models.py", line 284, in __new__
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] opts.help_texts, opts.error_messages)
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/forms/models.py", line 184, in fields_for_model
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] opts = model._meta
[Thu Oct 09 15:06:15 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute '_meta'

更新2:

我替换了:

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

致:

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()

以及:

models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

我得到如下错误:

[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] No handlers could be found for logger "django.request"
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] mod_wsgi (pid=31421): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/home/users1/k/kisvadim/domains/mathtasks.org/django.wsgi'.
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] Traceback (most recent call last):
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 187, in __call__
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.get_response(request)
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 199, in get_response
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 239, in handle_uncaught_exception
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] if resolver.urlconf_module is None:
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 361, in urlconf_module
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] __import__(name)
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/mathtasks/urls.py", line 6, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from utils.views import SniptRegistrationView
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/utils/views.py", line 1, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.backends.default.views import RegistrationView
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/backends/default/views.py", line 6, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] from registration.models import RegistrationProfile
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/django/mathtasks/registration/models.py", line 9, in <module>
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] User = get_user_model()
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/__init__.py", line 136, in get_user_model
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] return django_apps.get_model(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 199, in get_model
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] self.check_models_ready()
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] File "/home/users1/k/kisvadim/virtualenv/PythonEnv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 131, in check_models_ready
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] raise AppRegistryNotReady("Models aren't loaded yet.")
[Thu Oct 09 16:10:52 2014] [error] [client 95.79.172.156] AppRegistryNotReady: Models aren't loaded yet.

86645

小开

settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL是一个字符串(这就是为什么你会得到 AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute '_meta'-它期望一个 Model) ，并且应该只用于 ForeignKey声明:

class Article(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)

如果您想在其他地方引用您的用户模型，您需要使用 get_user_model:

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model


UserModel = get_user_model()

小开

我有一个类似的(相同的?)升级到 Django 1.7时出现的问题。在某些情况下，更新 wsgi 文件: place 就足够了

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

和

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

小开

见 http://django.readthedocs.org/en/latest/releases/1.7.html#standalone-scripts

import django
django.setup()

小开

在配置中 uwsgi 应用程序文件(如 uwsgi.ini)替换:

module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler()

开始

module=django.core.wsgi:get_wsgi_application()

小开

我浏览了所有这些线程，让芹菜在窗口上工作(带有这个特殊的错误信息) ，我只是想强调把

import django
django.setup()

在您的 tasks.py 文件的顶部，这就是它最终为我工作的地方。

小开

我得到这个错误时，移动到一个不同的电脑，忘记安装 psycopg2在我的 venv 和当使用 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',在我的设置。

也许对别人有用。

小开

INSTALLED_APPS在数组中缺少逗号，这给我造成了错误。

小开

我得到了这个错误，当我试图从应用程序的 __init__.py导入模型，这是不可能的。

小开

只要用命令行重新安装 Django，而不是在 Pycharm，这对我有帮助。

小开

在我的例子中，我忘记在 INSTALLED_APPS中添加一个子应用程序。

INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'basketball',
'basketball.area',
'basketball.game',
'basketball.player',
]

小开

在我的例子中，错误是在我将芹菜升级到4.x 时引起的，并且在 INSTALLED _ APPS: kombu.transport.django中有这个错误。移除已解决问题的。看起来主要是由于一些不正确的 django 负载本身造成的。

小开

在我的例子中，在 setings.py 中错误地注释了 SEcret _ key

小开

对于那些从 shell 中得到这个错误的人(比如我) :

检查您是否正在执行 Django 的 shell，而不是 Python 的 shell。

python manage.py shell