在 JavaScript 中使用 String.Format? ？

小开

Without a third party function:

string format = "Hi {0}".replace('{0}', name)

With multiple params:

string format = "Hi {0} {1}".replace('{0}', name).replace('{1}', lastname)

小开

You can do series of replaces like that:

function format(str)
{
for(i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++)
{
str = str.replace('{' + (i - 1) + '}', arguments[i]);
}
return str;
}

Better approach will be to use replace with function parameter:

function format(str, obj) {
return str.replace(/\{\s*([^}\s]+)\s*\}/g, function(m, p1, offset, string) {
return obj[p1]
})
}

This way you can provide both indices and named parameters:

var arr = ['0000', '1111', '2222']


arr.a = 'aaaa'


str = format(" { 0 } , {1}, { 2}, {a}", arr)
// returns 0000 , 1111, 2222, aaaa

小开

最佳答案

Adapt the code from MsAjax string.

Just remove all of the _validateParams code and you are most of the way to a full fledged .NET string class in JavaScript.

Okay, I liberated the msajax string class, removing all the msajax dependencies. It Works great, just like the .NET string class, including trim functions, endsWith/startsWith, etc.

P.S. - I left all of the Visual Studio JavaScript IntelliSense helpers and XmlDocs in place. They are innocuous if you don't use Visual Studio, but you can remove them if you like.

<script src="script/string.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var a = String.format("Hello {0}!", "world");
alert(a);


</script>

String.js

// String.js - liberated from MicrosoftAjax.js on 03/28/10 by Sky Sanders
// permalink: http://stackoverflow.com/a/2534834/2343


/*
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</textarea>
*/


(function(window) {


$type = String;
$type.__typeName = 'String';
$type.__class = true;


$prototype = $type.prototype;
$prototype.endsWith = function String$endsWith(suffix) {
/// <summary>Determines whether the end of this instance matches the specified string.</summary>
/// <param name="suffix" type="String">A string to compare to.</param>
/// <returns type="Boolean">true if suffix matches the end of this instance; otherwise, false.</returns>
return (this.substr(this.length - suffix.length) === suffix);
}


$prototype.startsWith = function String$startsWith(prefix) {
/// <summary >Determines whether the beginning of this instance matches the specified string.</summary>
/// <param name="prefix" type="String">The String to compare.</param>
/// <returns type="Boolean">true if prefix matches the beginning of this string; otherwise, false.</returns>
return (this.substr(0, prefix.length) === prefix);
}


$prototype.trim = function String$trim() {
/// <summary >Removes all leading and trailing white-space characters from the current String object.</summary>
/// <returns type="String">The string that remains after all white-space characters are removed from the start and end of the current String object.</returns>
return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
}


$prototype.trimEnd = function String$trimEnd() {
/// <summary >Removes all trailing white spaces from the current String object.</summary>
/// <returns type="String">The string that remains after all white-space characters are removed from the end of the current String object.</returns>
return this.replace(/\s+$/, '');
}


$prototype.trimStart = function String$trimStart() {
/// <summary >Removes all leading white spaces from the current String object.</summary>
/// <returns type="String">The string that remains after all white-space characters are removed from the start of the current String object.</returns>
return this.replace(/^\s+/, '');
}


$type.format = function String$format(format, args) {
/// <summary>Replaces the format items in a specified String with the text equivalents of the values of   corresponding object instances. The invariant culture will be used to format dates and numbers.</summary>
/// <param name="format" type="String">A format string.</param>
/// <param name="args" parameterArray="true" mayBeNull="true">The objects to format.</param>
/// <returns type="String">A copy of format in which the format items have been replaced by the   string equivalent of the corresponding instances of object arguments.</returns>
return String._toFormattedString(false, arguments);
}


$type._toFormattedString = function String$_toFormattedString(useLocale, args) {
var result = '';
var format = args[0];


for (var i = 0; ; ) {
// Find the next opening or closing brace
var open = format.indexOf('{', i);
var close = format.indexOf('}', i);
if ((open < 0) && (close < 0)) {
// Not found: copy the end of the string and break
result += format.slice(i);
break;
}
if ((close > 0) && ((close < open) || (open < 0))) {


if (format.charAt(close + 1) !== '}') {
throw new Error('format stringFormatBraceMismatch');
}


result += format.slice(i, close + 1);
i = close + 2;
continue;
}


// Copy the string before the brace
result += format.slice(i, open);
i = open + 1;


// Check for double braces (which display as one and are not arguments)
if (format.charAt(i) === '{') {
result += '{';
i++;
continue;
}


if (close < 0) throw new Error('format stringFormatBraceMismatch');




// Find the closing brace


// Get the string between the braces, and split it around the ':' (if any)
var brace = format.substring(i, close);
var colonIndex = brace.indexOf(':');
var argNumber = parseInt((colonIndex < 0) ? brace : brace.substring(0, colonIndex), 10) + 1;


if (isNaN(argNumber)) throw new Error('format stringFormatInvalid');


var argFormat = (colonIndex < 0) ? '' : brace.substring(colonIndex + 1);


var arg = args[argNumber];
if (typeof (arg) === "undefined" || arg === null) {
arg = '';
}


// If it has a toFormattedString method, call it.  Otherwise, call toString()
if (arg.toFormattedString) {
result += arg.toFormattedString(argFormat);
}
else if (useLocale && arg.localeFormat) {
result += arg.localeFormat(argFormat);
}
else if (arg.format) {
result += arg.format(argFormat);
}
else
result += arg.toString();


i = close + 1;
}


return result;
}


})(window);

小开

Aside from the fact that you are modifying the String prototype, there is nothing wrong with the function you provided. The way you would use it is this way:

"Hello {0},".format(["Bob"]);

If you wanted it as a stand-alone function, you could alter it slightly to this:

function format(string, object) {
return string.replace(/{([^{}]*)}/g,
function(match, group_match)
{
var data = object[group_match];
return typeof data === 'string' ? data : match;
}
);
}

Vittore's method is also good; his function is called with each additional formating option being passed in as an argument, while yours expects an object.

What this actually looks like is John Resig's micro-templating engine.

小开

Your function already takes a JSON object as a parameter:

string format = "Hi {foo}".replace({
"foo": "bar",
"fizz": "buzz"
});

if you notice, the code:

var r = o[b];

looks at your parameter (o) and uses a key-value-pairs within it to resolve the "replace"

小开

Here is what I use. I have this function defined in a utility file:

  String.format = function() {
var s = arguments[0];
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length - 1; i++) {
var reg = new RegExp("\\{" + i + "\\}", "gm");
s = s.replace(reg, arguments[i + 1]);
}
return s;
}

And I call it like so:

var greeting = String.format("Hi, {0}", name);

I do not recall where I found this, but it has been very useful to me. I like it because the syntax is the same as the C# version.

小开

Here is an solution that allows both prototype and function options.

// --------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add prototype for 'String.format' which is c# equivalent
//
// String.format("{0} i{2}a night{1}", "This", "mare", "s ");
// "{0} i{2}a night{1}".format("This", "mare", "s ");
// --------------------------------------------------------------------


if(!String.format)
String.format = function(){
for (var i = 0, args = arguments; i < args.length - 1; i++)
args[0] = args[0].replace("{" + i + "}", args[i + 1]);
return args[0];
};
if(!String.prototype.format && String.format)
String.prototype.format = function(){
var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).reverse();
args.push(this);
return String.format.apply(this, args.reverse())
};

Enjoy.

小开

Based on @roydukkey's answer, a bit more optimized for runtime (it caches the regexes):

(function () {
if (!String.prototype.format) {
var regexes = {};
String.prototype.format = function (parameters) {
for (var formatMessage = this, args = arguments, i = args.length; --i >= 0;)
formatMessage = formatMessage.replace(regexes[i] || (regexes[i] = RegExp("\\{" + (i) + "\\}", "gm")), args[i]);
return formatMessage;
};
if (!String.format) {
String.format = function (formatMessage, params) {
for (var args = arguments, i = args.length; --i;)
formatMessage = formatMessage.replace(regexes[i - 1] || (regexes[i - 1] = RegExp("\\{" + (i - 1) + "\\}", "gm")), args[i]);
return formatMessage;
};
}
}
})();

小开

String.Format method from .NET Framework has multiple signatures. The one I like the most uses params keyword in its prototype, i.e.:

public static string Format(
string format,
params Object[] args
)

Using this version, you can not only pass variable number of arguments to it but also an array argument.

Because I like the straightforward solution provided by Jeremy, I'd like to extend it a bit:

var StringHelpers = {
format: function(format, args) {
var i;
if (args instanceof Array) {
for (i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
format = format.replace(new RegExp('\\{' + i + '\\}', 'gm'), args[i]);
}
return format;
}
for (i = 0; i < arguments.length - 1; i++) {
format = format.replace(new RegExp('\\{' + i + '\\}', 'gm'), arguments[i + 1]);
}
return format;
}
};

Now you can use your JavaScript version of String.Format in the following manners:

StringHelpers.format("{0}{1}", "a", "b")

and

StringHelpers.format("{0}{1}", ["a", "b"])

小开

Just make and use this function:

function format(str, args) {
for (i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
str = str.replace("{" + i + "}", args[i]);
return str;
}

If you don't want to change the str parameter, then before the for loop, clone (duplicate) it to a new string (make a new copy of str), and set the copy in the for loop and at last return it instead of the parameter itself.

In C# (Sharp) it is simple create to a copy by just calling String.Clone(), but I don't know how in JavaScript, but you can search on Google or surf on the Internet and learn ways to do it.

I just gave you my idea about string format in JavaScript.

小开

Here is a useful string formatting function using regular expressions and captures:

function format (fmtstr) {
var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
return fmtstr.replace(/\{(\d+)\}/g, function (match, index) {
return args[index];
});
}

Strings can be formatted like C# String.Format:

var str = format('{0}, {1}!', 'Hello', 'world');
console.log(str); // prints "Hello, world!"

the format will place the correct variable in the correct spot, even if they appear out of order:

var str = format('{1}, {0}!', 'Hello', 'world');
console.log(str); // prints "world, Hello!"

Hope this helps!

小开

Here's a solution that just works with String.prototype:

String.prototype.format = function() {
var s = this;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
var reg = new RegExp("\\{" + i + "\\}", "gm");
s = s.replace(reg, arguments[i]);
}
return s;
}

小开

I just started porting Java's String.format() to JavaScript. You might find it useful too.

It supports basic stuff like this:

StringFormat.format("Hi %s, I like %s", ["Rob", "icecream"]);

Which results in

Hi Rob, I like icecream.

But also more advanced numberic formatting and date formatting like:

StringFormat.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tA %1$te %1$tB, %1$tY", [new Date("2014-12-16")]);


Duke's Birthday: Tuesday 16 December, 2014

See for more in the examples.

See here: https://github.com/RobAu/javascript.string.format

小开

if (!String.prototype.format) {
String.prototype.format = function () {
var args = arguments;
return this.replace(/{(\d+)}/g, function (match, number) {
return typeof args[number] != 'undefined'
? args[number]
: match
;
});
};
}

Usage:

'{0}-{1}'.format('a','b');
// Result: 'a-b'

JSFiddle

小开

Use sprintf library

Here you have a link where you can find the features of this library.

小开

Here are my two cents:

function stringFormat(str) {
if (str !== undefined && str !== null) {
str = String(str);
if (str.trim() !== "") {
var args = arguments;
return str.replace(/(\{[^}]+\})/g, function(match) {
var n = +match.slice(1, -1);
if (n >= 0 && n < args.length - 1) {
var a = args[n + 1];
return (a !== undefined && a !== null) ? String(a) : "";
}
return match;
});
}
}
return "";
}


alert(stringFormat("{1}, {0}. You're looking {2} today.",
"Dave", "Hello", Math.random() > 0.5 ? "well" : "good"));

小开

Use a template literal in ECMAScript 6:

var customer = { name: "Foo" }
var card = { amount: 7, product: "Bar", unitprice: 42 }
var message = `Hello ${customer.name},
want to buy ${card.amount} ${card.product} for
a total of ${card.amount * card.unitprice} bucks?`

小开

//Add "format" method to the string class
//supports:  "Welcome {0}. You are the first person named {0}".format("David");
//       and "First Name:{} Last name:{}".format("David","Wazy");
//       and "Value:{} size:{0} shape:{1} weight:{}".format(value, size, shape, weight)
String.prototype.format = function () {
var content = this;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
var target = '{' + i + '}';
content=content.split(target).join(String(arguments[i]))
content = content.replace("{}", String(arguments[i]));
}
return content;
}
alert("I {} this is what {2} want and {} works for {2}!".format("hope","it","you"))

You can mix and match using positional and "named" replacement locations using this function.

小开

String.prototype.format = function () {
var formatted = this;
for (var arg in arguments) {
formatted = formatted.split('{' + arg + '}').join(arguments[arg]);
}
return formatted;
};

USAGE:

'Hello {0}!'.format('Word') -> Hello World!

'He{0}{0}o World!'.format('l') -> Hello World!

'{0} {1}!'.format('Hello', 'Word') -> Hello World!

'{0}!'.format('Hello {1}', 'Word') -> Hello World!