对产品变体进行建模

我一直在尝试为产品变体建模,并认为我可能需要使用 EAV。没有 EAV 我也许可以做到,但是我担心我可能错过了一些东西。这是我的设计:

enter image description here

这就是我想要表达的:

  1. 一个 product可以有0个或更多的 product variants(例如,一件 T 恤产品可能有尺寸和颜色的变化)。
  2. 一个 product variant可以有一个或多个 product variant options(例如,大小变体可以是小的,中等的,大的)。
  3. 一个 SKU由一个或多个 product variant options组成(product_variant_option_combination表将包含所有可能的‘ product _ variable _ options’组合。因此,如果有3种尺寸和3种颜色,就会有3 * 3 = 9种组合——每种组合都会有自己的 SKU 和价格)。
  4. 一个 product可以有一个或多个 SKUs

如果产品没有任何变体,那么只需忽略 product_variantsproduct_variant_optionsproduct_variant_option_combinations

这个设计合理吗? 我最终会有问题吗? 它会扩展吗? 它规范化了吗?

更新1

@ Edper:

如果一个产品可以有0个或多个(可选模式)产品变种(如大小,颜色等)。这是否意味着一个产品变体也可以有0个或多个产品具有这种变体?

我不这么认为。有可能像“ T 恤”这样的产品可能有“尺码”变体,而像“裤子”这样的产品也可能有“尺码”变体,但我认为这只是偶然。没有必要使“ size”只显示为一个记录,因为“ size”可能具有不同的上下文。

我正在处理的产品差别很大,它们一定有类似的名称变体。

更新2:

下面是我如何看待我的数据的一个例子:

enter image description here

我已经将变量 Size及其相关值装箱。我想说明的是,这些不被认为是重复的数据。这3种产品的 Size变体只是个巧合。我觉得没必要把这事正常化。每个产品可以有0个或更多的变体——我对它们一无所知。我期待“重复”(尽管它们并不是真正的重复,因为它们总是在特定产品的上下文中——所以,Widget 1的“ Size”变体与 Widget 2的“ Size”变体不同)。

更新3:

我现在看到,在我的设计中,一个 product有可能有多个相同的 product_variants。我认为可以通过使 product_variants.product_idproduct_variants.name成为一个复合键来解决这个问题。这意味着 Widget1只能有一次“ Size”变量。

product_variant_id product_variant_options.name也需要是一个复合键。

更新4:

通过更新我的 product_variant_option_combinations使其包含 product_variant_id(FK 到 product_variants.id) ,并使用 product_variant_option_combinations.sku_idproduct_variant_option_combinations.product_variant_id强制执行 UNIQUE 约束,我认为我能够防止同时具有“小”和“大”的 SKU 的问题。是这样吗?

enter image description here

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--
-- Database: `mydb`
--


-- --------------------------------------------------------


--
-- Table structure for table `products`
--


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `products` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;


--
-- Dumping data for table `products`
--


INSERT INTO `products` (`id`, `name`) VALUES
(1, 'Widget 1');


-- --------------------------------------------------------


--
-- Table structure for table `product_variants`
--


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_variants` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_product_id_name` (`product_id`,`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;


--
-- Dumping data for table `product_variants`
--


INSERT INTO `product_variants` (`id`, `product_id`, `name`) VALUES
(2, 1, 'Color'),
(1, 1, 'Size');


-- --------------------------------------------------------


--
-- Table structure for table `product_variant_options`
--


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_variant_options` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_variant_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_product_variant_id_name` (`product_variant_id`,`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;


--
-- Dumping data for table `product_variant_options`
--


INSERT INTO `product_variant_options` (`id`, `product_variant_id`, `name`) VALUES
(2, 1, 'Large'),
(1, 1, 'Small'),
(4, 2, 'Black'),
(3, 2, 'White');


-- --------------------------------------------------------


--
-- Table structure for table `skus`
--


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `skus` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`sku` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `skus_product_id_products_id_idx` (`product_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;


--
-- Dumping data for table `skus`
--


INSERT INTO `skus` (`id`, `product_id`, `sku`, `price`) VALUES
(1, 1, 'W1SSCW', '10.00'),
(2, 1, 'W1SSCB', '10.00'),
(3, 1, 'W1SLCW', '12.00'),
(4, 1, 'W1SLCB', '15.00');


-- --------------------------------------------------------


--
-- Table structure for table `skus_product_variant_options`
--


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `skus_product_variant_options` (
`sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`product_variant_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`product_variant_options_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sku_id`,`product_variant_options_id`,`product_variant_id`),
UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_sku_id_product_variant_id` (`sku_id`,`product_variant_id`),
KEY `spvo_product_variant_options_id_pro_idx` (`product_variant_options_id`),
KEY `spvo_product_variant_id_product_var_idx` (`product_variant_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


--
-- Dumping data for table `skus_product_variant_options`
--


INSERT INTO `skus_product_variant_options` (`sku_id`, `product_variant_id`, `product_variant_options_id`) VALUES
(1, 1, 1),
(2, 1, 1),
(3, 1, 2),
(4, 1, 2),
(1, 2, 3),
(3, 2, 3),
(2, 2, 4),
(4, 2, 4);


--
-- Constraints for dumped tables
--


--
-- Constraints for table `product_variants`
--
ALTER TABLE `product_variants`
ADD CONSTRAINT `product_variants_product_id_products_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;


--
-- Constraints for table `product_variant_options`
--
ALTER TABLE `product_variant_options`
ADD CONSTRAINT `product_variant_options_product_variant_id_product_variants_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_id`) REFERENCES `product_variants` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;


--
-- Constraints for table `skus`
--
ALTER TABLE `skus`
ADD CONSTRAINT `skus_product_id_products_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;


--
-- Constraints for table `skus_product_variant_options`
--
ALTER TABLE `skus_product_variant_options`
ADD CONSTRAINT `skus_product_variant_options_sku_id_skus_id` FOREIGN KEY (`sku_id`) REFERENCES `skus` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
ADD CONSTRAINT `spvo_product_variant_options_id_product_variant_options_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_options_id`) REFERENCES `product_variant_options` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
ADD CONSTRAINT `spvo_product_variant_id_product_variants_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_id`) REFERENCES `product_variants` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;


/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
67328 次浏览

You could have a design like:

 +---------------+     +-------------------+
| PRODUCTS      |-----< PRODUCT_VARIANTS  |
+---------------+     +-------------------+
| #product_id   |     | #product_id       |
|  product_name |     | #variant_id       |
+---------------+     |  sku_id           |
|             +-------------------+
|                       |
+--------^--------+     +--------^--------+
| PRODUCT_OPTIONS |-----< VARIANT_VALUES  |
+-----------------+     +-----------------+
| #product_id     |     | #product_id     |
| #option_id      |     | #variant_id     |
+--------v--------+     | #option_id      |
|              |  value_id       |
+-----------------+     +--------v--------+
| OPTIONS         |              |
+-----------------+              |
| #option_id      |              |
|  option_name    |              |
+-----------------+              |
|                       |
+-------^-------+               |
| OPTION_VALUES |---------------+
+---------------+
| #option_id    |
| #value_id     |
|  value_name   |
+---------------+

With the Primary, Unique and Foreign Keys:

  • PRODUCTS
    • PK: product_id
    • UK: product_name
  • OPTIONS
    • PK: option_id
    • UK: option_name
  • OPTION_VALUES
    • PK: option_id, value_id
    • UK: option_id, value_name
    • FK: option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS (option_id)
  • PRODUCT_OPTIONS
    • PK: product_id, option_id
    • FK: product_id REFERENCES PRODUCTS (product_id)
    • FK: option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS (option_id)
  • PRODUCT_VARIANTS
    • PK: product_id, variant_id
    • UK: sku_id
    • FK: product_id REFERENCES PRODUCTS (product_id)
  • VARIANT_VALUES
    • PK: product_id, variant_id, option_id
    • FK: product_id, variant_id REFERENCES PRODUCT_VARIANTS (product_id, variant_id)
    • FK: product_id, option_id REFERENCES PRODUCT_OPTIONS (product_id, option_id)
    • FK: option_id, value_id REFERENCES OPTION_VALUES (option_id, value_Id)

You have:

  • PRODUCTS e.g. Shirt, Jumper, Trousers
  • OPTIONS e.g. Size, Colour, Length
  • OPTION_VALUES e.g Size - Small, Medium, Large; Colour - Red, White, Blue
  • PRODUCT_OPTIONS e.g. Shirt - Size, Colour; Trousers - Length, Colour

You then need to create a n-dimensional array, with the number of dimensions equalling the number of options for the product. Each element in the array corresponds to a product variant. There will always be at least one product variant for each product; as there is always the pseudo option of the product "as-is"

  • PRODUCT_VARIANTS e.g Shirt 1, Shirt 2
  • VARIANT_VALUES e.g Shirt 1: Small Red; Shirt 2: Small White

You may wish to have validation to ensure a SKU is not assigned unless values have been specified for all options associated with a product.

Based on the spreadsheet of how you see your data you could enter data in your tables as follows:

PRODUCTS
========
id  name
--- --------
1   Widget 1
2   Widget 2
3   Widget 3
 

PRODUCT_VARIANTS
================
id  product_id name
--- ---------- ------
1   1          Size   (Widget 1)
2   1          Color  (Widget 1)
3   2          Size   (Widget 2)
4   3          Class  (Widget 3)
5   3          Size   (Widget 3)
 

PRODUCT_VARIANT_OPTIONS
=======================
id  product_variant_id name
--- ------------------ -------------
1   1                  Small         (Widget 1; Size)
2   1                  Large         (Widget 1; Size)
3   2                  White         (Widget 1; Color)
4   2                  Black         (Widget 1; Color)
5   3                  Small         (Widget 2; Size)
6   3                  Medium        (Widget 2; Size)
7   4                  Amateur       (Widget 3; Class)
8   4                  Professional  (Widget 3; Class)
9   5                  Medium        (Widget 3; Size)
10  5                  Large         (Widget 3; Size)
 

SKUS
====
id  product_id sku    price
--- ---------- ------ -----
1   1          W1SSCW    10 (Widget 1)
2   1          W1SSCB    10 (Widget 1)
3   1          W1SLCW    12 (Widget 1)
4   1          W1SLCB    15 (Widget 1)
5   2          W2SS     100 (Widget 2)
6   2          W2SM     100 (Widget 2)
7   3          W3CASM    50 (Widget 3)
8   3          W3CASL    50 (Widget 3)
9   3          W3CPSM   150 (Widget 3)
10  3          W3CPSL   160 (Widget 3)
 

PRODUCT_VARIANT_OPTION_COMBINATIONS
===================================
product_variant_option_id sku_id
------------------------- ------
1                         1      (W1SSCW; Size; Small)
3                         1      (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1                         2      (W1SSCB; Size; Small)
4                         2      (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
2                         3      (W1SLCW; Size; Large)
3                         3      (W1SLCW;  Color; White)
2                         4      (W1SLCB; Size; Large)
4                         4      (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
5                         5      (W2SS; Size; Small)
6                         6      (W2SM; Size; Medium)
7                         7      (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
9                         7      (W3CASM; Size; Medium)
7                         8      (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
10                        8      (W3CASL; Size; Large)
8                         9      (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
9                         9      (W3CPSM; Size; Medium)
8                         10     (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
10                        10     (W3CPSL; Size; Large)

There seems to be nothing in your design from stopping the addition of the entry of the record (product_variant_option_id: 2; sku_id 1) so that SKU W1SSCW has now both the options of Small and Large. There is nothing to stop the entry of the record (product_variant_option_id: 7; sku_id: 1) so that SKU W1SSCW also has the option Amateur.

Based on the spreadsheet of how you see your data you could enter data in my tables as follows:

PRODUCTS
========
product_id product_name
---------- ------------
1          Widget 1
2          Widget 2
3          Widget 3
 

OPTIONS
=======
option_id option_name
--------- -----------
1         Size SL
2         Color
3         Size SM
4         Class
5         Size ML
 

OPTION_VALUES
=============
option_id value_id value_name
--------- -------- ------------
1         1        Small        (Size SL)
1         2        Large        (Size SL)
2         1        White        (Color)
2         2        Black        (Color)
3         1        Small        (Size SM)
3         2        Medium       (Size SM)
4         1        Amateur      (Class)
4         2        Professional (Class)
5         1        Medium       (Size ML)
5         2        Large        (Size ML)
 

PRODUCT_OPTIONS
===============
product_id option_id
---------- ---------
1          1         (Widget 1; Size SL)
1          2         (Widget 1; Color)
2          3         (Widget 2; Size SM)
3          4         (Widget 3; Class)
3          5         (Widget 4; Size ML)
 

PRODUCT_VARIANTS
================
product_id variant_id sku_id
---------- ---------- ------
1          1          W1SSCW (Widget 1)
1          2          W1SSCB (Widget 1)
1          3          W1SLCW (Widget 1)
1          4          W1SLCB (Widget 1)
2          1          W2SS   (Widget 2)
2          2          W2SM   (Widget 2)
3          1          W3CASM (Widget 3)
3          2          W3CASL (Widget 3)
3          3          W3CPSM (Widget 3)
3          4          W3CPSL (Widget 3)
 

VARIANT_VALUES
==============
product_id variant_id option_id value_id
---------- ---------- --------- --------
1          1          1         1        (W1SSCW; Size SL; Small)
1          1          2         1        (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1          2          1         1        (W1SSCB; Size SL; Small)
1          2          2         2        (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
1          3          1         2        (W1SLCW; Size SL; Large)
1          3          2         1        (W1SLCW; Color; White)
1          4          1         2        (W1SLCB; Size SL; Large)
1          4          2         2        (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
2          1          3         1        (W2SS; Size SM; Small)
2          2          3         2        (W2SM; Size SM; Medium)
3          1          4         1        (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
3          1          5         1        (W3CASM; Size ML; Medium)
3          2          4         1        (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
3          2          5         2        (W3CASL; Size ML; Large)
3          3          4         2        (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
3          3          5         1        (W3CPSM; Size ML; Medium)
3          4          4         2        (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
3          4          5         2        (W3CPSL; Size ML; Large)

In my design you could not enter the additional VARIANT_VALUES record (product_id: 1; variant_id: 1; option_id: 1; value_id: 2) - so that SKU W1SSCW has now both the options of Small and Large - due to the primary key on VARIANT_VALUES and the existing VARIANT_VALUES record (product_id: 1; variant_id: 1; option_id: 1; value_id: 1). In my design you could not enter the VARIANT_VALUES record (product_id: 1; variant_id: 1; option_id: 4; value_id: 1) - so that SKU W1SSCW also has the option Amateur - due to the foreign key referencing PRODUCT_OPTIONS and the lack of a record in this table of (product_id: 1; option_id: 4) indicating that Class is a valid option for product Widget 1.

EDIT: Design with no PRODUCT_OPTIONS table

You could have a design like:

+---------------+     +---------------+
| PRODUCTS      |-----< PRODUCT_SKUS  |
+---------------+     +---------------+
| #product_id   |     | #product_id   |
|  product_name |     | #sku_id       |
+---------------+     |  sku          |
|             |  price        |
|             +---------------+
|                     |
+-------^-------+      +------^------+
| OPTIONS       |------< SKU_VALUES  |
+---------------+      +-------------+
| #product_id   |      | #product_id |
| #option_id    |      | #sku_id     |
|  option_name  |      | #option_id  |
+---------------+      |  value_id   |
|              +------v------+
+-------^-------+             |
| OPTION_VALUES |-------------+
+---------------+
| #product_id   |
| #option_id    |
| #value_id     |
|  value_name   |
+---------------+

With the Primary, Unique and Foreign Keys:

  • PRODUCTS
    • PK: product_id
    • UK: product_name
  • OPTIONS
    • PK: product_id, option_id
    • UK: product_id, option_name
  • OPTION_VALUES
    • PK: product_id, option_id, value_id
    • UK: product_id, option_id, value_name
    • FK: product-id, option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS (product_id, option_id)
  • PRODUCT_SKUS
    • PK: product_id, sku_id
    • UK: sku_id
    • FK: product_id REFERENCES PRODUCTS (product_id)
  • SKU_VALUES
    • PK: product_id, sku_id, option_id
    • FK: product_id, sku_id REFERENCES PRODUCT_SKUS (product_id, sku_id)
    • FK: product_id, option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS (product_id, option_id)
    • FK: product_id, option_id, value_id REFERENCES OPTION_VALUES (product_id, option_id, value_id)

Based on the spreadsheet of how you see your data you could enter data in these tables as follows:

PRODUCTS
========
product_id product_name
---------- ------------
1          Widget 1
2          Widget 2
3          Widget 3
 

OPTIONS
=======
product_id option_id option_name
---------- --------- -----------
1          1         Size        (Widget 1)
1          2         Color       (Widget 1)
2          1         Size        (Widget 2)
3          1         Class       (Widget 3)
3          2         Size        (Widget 3)
 

OPTION_VALUES
=============
product_id option_id value_id value_name
---------- --------- -------- ------------
1          1         1        Small        (Widget1; Size)
1          1         2        Large        (Widget1; Size)
1          2         1        White        (Widget1; Color)
1          2         2        Black        (Widget1; Color)
2          1         1        Small        (Widget2; Size)
2          1         2        Medium       (Widget2; Size)
3          1         1        Amateur      (Widget3; Class)
3          1         2        Professional (Widget3; Class)
3          2         1        Medium       (Widget3; Size)
3          2         2        Large        (Widget3; Size)
 

PRODUCT_SKUS
============
product_id sku_id sku
---------- ------ ------
1          1      W1SSCW (Widget 1)
1          2      W1SSCB (Widget 1)
1          3      W1SLCW (Widget 1)
1          4      W1SLCB (Widget 1)
2          1      W2SS   (Widget 2)
2          2      W2SM   (Widget 2)
3          1      W3CASM (Widget 3)
3          2      W3CASL (Widget 3)
3          3      W3CPSM (Widget 3)
3          4      W3CPSL (Widget 3)
 

SKU_VALUES
==========
product_id sku_id option_id value_id
---------- ------ --------- --------
1          1      1         1        (W1SSCW; Size; Small)
1          1      2         1        (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1          2      1         1        (W1SSCB; Size; Small)
1          2      2         2        (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
1          3      1         2        (W1SLCW; Size; Large)
1          3      2         1        (W1SLCW; Color; White)
1          4      1         2        (W1SLCB; Size; Large)
1          4      2         2        (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
2          1      1         1        (W2SS; Size; Small)
2          2      1         2        (W2SM; Size; Medium)
3          1      1         1        (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
3          1      2         1        (W3CASM; Size; Medium)
3          2      1         1        (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
3          2      2         2        (W3CASL; Size; Large)
3          3      1         2        (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
3          3      2         1        (W3CPSM; Size; Medium)
3          4      1         2        (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
3          4      2         2        (W3CPSL; Size; Large)