#!/bin/bash
# Absolute path to this script, e.g. /home/user/bin/foo.sh
SCRIPT=$(readlink -f "$0")
# Absolute path this script is in, thus /home/user/bin
SCRIPTPATH=$(dirname "$SCRIPT")
echo $SCRIPTPATH
对于tcsh, csh:
#!/bin/tcsh
# Absolute path to this script, e.g. /home/user/bin/foo.csh
set SCRIPT=`readlink -f "$0"`
# Absolute path this script is in, thus /home/user/bin
set SCRIPTPATH=`dirname "$SCRIPT"`
echo $SCRIPTPATH
#!/bin/bash
pushd $(dirname "${0}") > /dev/null
basedir=$(pwd -L)
# Use "pwd -P" for the path without links. man bash for more info.
popd > /dev/null
echo "${basedir}"
DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
一行代码,它将提供脚本的完整目录名,无论从哪里调用脚本。
要了解它是如何工作的,你可以执行以下脚本:
#!/bin/bash
SOURCE="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
while [ -h "$SOURCE" ]; do # resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
TARGET="$(readlink "$SOURCE")"
if [[ $TARGET == /* ]]; then
echo "SOURCE '$SOURCE' is an absolute symlink to '$TARGET'"
SOURCE="$TARGET"
else
DIR="$( dirname "$SOURCE" )"
echo "SOURCE '$SOURCE' is a relative symlink to '$TARGET' (relative to '$DIR')"
SOURCE="$DIR/$TARGET" # if $SOURCE was a relative symlink, we need to resolve it relative to the path where the symlink file was located
fi
done
echo "SOURCE is '$SOURCE'"
RDIR="$( dirname "$SOURCE" )"
DIR="$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" && pwd )"
if [ "$DIR" != "$RDIR" ]; then
echo "DIR '$RDIR' resolves to '$DIR'"
fi
echo "DIR is '$DIR'"
< em >目录名$ 0 < / em >只在用户以非常特定的方式启动脚本时才会工作。我找到了几种这种答案失败并使脚本崩溃的情况。
首先,让我们理解这个答案是如何工作的。他通过做
dirname "$0"
0美元表示调用脚本的命令的第一部分(它基本上是没有参数的输入命令:
/some/path/./script argument1 argument2
$ 0 =“/一些/道路/ /脚本”。
Dirname基本上找到字符串中的最后一个/并在那里截断它。所以如果你这样做:
dirname /usr/bin/sha256sum
你会得到:/usr/bin
这个例子工作得很好,因为/usr/bin/sha256sum是一个格式正确的路径,但是
dirname "/some/path/./script"
不会很好地工作,并且会给你:
BASENAME="/some/path/." #which would crash your script if you try to use it as a path
假设您位于与脚本相同的目录中,并使用以下命令启动它
./script
$0在这种情况下将是./script, dirname $0将给出:
. #or BASEDIR=".", again this will crash your script
使用:
sh script
不输入完整路径也会给出一个BASEDIR="。"
使用相对目录:
../some/path/./script
给出dirname $0的值:
../some/path/.
如果你在/some目录下,你以这种方式调用脚本(注意开头没有/,同样是一个相对路径):
path/./script.sh
你会得到dirname $0的值:
path/.
和。/ /路径。/script(相对路径的另一种形式)给出:
./path/.
只有两种情况< em > basedir $ 0 < / em >将工作:如果用户使用sh或touch启动脚本,因为这两种情况都会导致$0:
$0=/some/path/script
这将为您提供一个可以使用dirname的路径。
解决方案
你必须解释并检测上面提到的每一种情况,并在出现时应用修复程序:
#!/bin/bash
#this script will only work in bash, make sure it's installed on your system.
#set to false to not see all the echos
debug=true
if [ "$debug" = true ]; then echo "\$0=$0";fi
#The line below detect script's parent directory. $0 is the part of the launch command that doesn't contain the arguments
BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0") #3 situations will cause dirname $0 to fail: #situation1: user launches script while in script dir ( $0=./script)
#situation2: different dir but ./ is used to launch script (ex. $0=/path_to/./script)
#situation3: different dir but relative path used to launch script
if [ "$debug" = true ]; then echo 'BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0") gives: '"$BASEDIR";fi
if [ "$BASEDIR" = "." ]; then BASEDIR="$(pwd)";fi # fix for situation1
_B2=${BASEDIR:$((${#BASEDIR}-2))}; B_=${BASEDIR::1}; B_2=${BASEDIR::2}; B_3=${BASEDIR::3} # <- bash only
if [ "$_B2" = "/." ]; then BASEDIR=${BASEDIR::$((${#BASEDIR}-1))};fi #fix for situation2 # <- bash only
if [ "$B_" != "/" ]; then #fix for situation3 #<- bash only
if [ "$B_2" = "./" ]; then
#covers ./relative_path/(./)script
if [ "$(pwd)" != "/" ]; then BASEDIR="$(pwd)/${BASEDIR:2}"; else BASEDIR="/${BASEDIR:2}";fi
else
#covers relative_path/(./)script and ../relative_path/(./)script, using ../relative_path fails if current path is a symbolic link
if [ "$(pwd)" != "/" ]; then BASEDIR="$(pwd)/$BASEDIR"; else BASEDIR="/$BASEDIR";fi
fi
fi
if [ "$debug" = true ]; then echo "fixed BASEDIR=$BASEDIR";fi