#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
//=============================================================================
void spf(std::string &s, const std::string fmt, ...)
{
int n, size=100;
bool b=false;
va_list marker;
while (!b)
{
s.resize(size);
va_start(marker, fmt);
n = vsnprintf((char*)s.c_str(), size, fmt.c_str(), marker);
va_end(marker);
if ((n>0) && ((b=(n<size))==true)) s.resize(n); else size*=2;
}
}
//=============================================================================
void spfa(std::string &s, const std::string fmt, ...)
{
std::string ss;
int n, size=100;
bool b=false;
va_list marker;
while (!b)
{
ss.resize(size);
va_start(marker, fmt);
n = vsnprintf((char*)ss.c_str(), size, fmt.c_str(), marker);
va_end(marker);
if ((n>0) && ((b=(n<size))==true)) ss.resize(n); else size*=2;
}
s += ss;
}
< p >[之前回答]
这是一个很晚的回答，但对于那些像我一样喜欢“sprintf”方式的人来说:我已经编写并正在使用以下函数。如果你喜欢它，你可以扩展%-选项以更接近sprintf选项;现在里面的已经足够我用了。
使用stringf()和stringfappend()与使用sprintf相同。只要记住参数…
//=============================================================================
void DoFormatting(std::string& sF, const char* sformat, va_list marker)
{
char *s, ch=0;
int n, i=0, m;
long l;
double d;
std::string sf = sformat;
std::stringstream ss;
m = sf.length();
while (i<m)
{
ch = sf.at(i);
if (ch == '%')
{
i++;
if (i<m)
{
ch = sf.at(i);
switch(ch)
{
case 's': { s = va_arg(marker, char*); ss << s; } break;
case 'c': { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << (char)n; } break;
case 'd': { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << (int)n; } break;
case 'l': { l = va_arg(marker, long); ss << (long)l; } break;
case 'f': { d = va_arg(marker, double); ss << (float)d; } break;
case 'e': { d = va_arg(marker, double); ss << (double)d; } break;
case 'X':
case 'x':
{
if (++i<m)
{
ss << std::hex << std::setiosflags (std::ios_base::showbase);
if (ch == 'X') ss << std::setiosflags (std::ios_base::uppercase);
char ch2 = sf.at(i);
if (ch2 == 'c') { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << std::hex << (char)n; }
else if (ch2 == 'd') { n = va_arg(marker, int); ss << std::hex << (int)n; }
else if (ch2 == 'l') { l = va_arg(marker, long); ss << std::hex << (long)l; }
else ss << '%' << ch << ch2;
ss << std::resetiosflags (std::ios_base::showbase | std::ios_base::uppercase) << std::dec;
}
} break;
case '%': { ss << '%'; } break;
default:
{
ss << "%" << ch;
//i = m; //get out of loop
}
}
}
}
else ss << ch;
i++;
}
va_end(marker);
sF = ss.str();
}
//=============================================================================
void stringf(string& stgt,const char *sformat, ... )
{
va_list marker;
va_start(marker, sformat);
DoFormatting(stgt, sformat, marker);
}
//=============================================================================
void stringfappend(string& stgt,const char *sformat, ... )
{
string sF = "";
va_list marker;
va_start(marker, sformat);
DoFormatting(sF, sformat, marker);
stgt += sF;
}
#include <stdarg.h> // For va_start, etc.
std::string string_format(const std::string fmt, ...) {
int size = ((int)fmt.size()) * 2 + 50; // Use a rubric appropriate for your code
std::string str;
va_list ap;
while (1) { // Maximum two passes on a POSIX system...
str.resize(size);
va_start(ap, fmt);
int n = vsnprintf((char *)str.data(), size, fmt.c_str(), ap);
va_end(ap);
if (n > -1 && n < size) { // Everything worked
str.resize(n);
return str;
}
if (n > -1) // Needed size returned
size = n + 1; // For null char
else
size *= 2; // Guess at a larger size (OS specific)
}
return str;
}
一种更安全、更有效的方法(我测试过，它更快):
#include <stdarg.h> // For va_start, etc.
#include <memory> // For std::unique_ptr
std::string string_format(const std::string fmt_str, ...) {
int final_n, n = ((int)fmt_str.size()) * 2; /* Reserve two times as much as the length of the fmt_str */
std::unique_ptr<char[]> formatted;
va_list ap;
while(1) {
formatted.reset(new char[n]); /* Wrap the plain char array into the unique_ptr */
strcpy(&formatted[0], fmt_str.c_str());
va_start(ap, fmt_str);
final_n = vsnprintf(&formatted[0], n, fmt_str.c_str(), ap);
va_end(ap);
if (final_n < 0 || final_n >= n)
n += abs(final_n - n + 1);
else
break;
}
return std::string(formatted.get());
}
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
using ::std::string;
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#ifndef va_copy
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define va_copy(dst, src) dst=src
#elif !(__cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
#define va_copy(dst, src) memcpy((void*)dst, (void*)src, sizeof(*src))
#endif
#endif
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
int length;
va_list apStrLen;
va_copy(apStrLen, ap);
length = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, apStrLen);
va_end(apStrLen);
if (length > 0) {
dst.resize(length);
vsnprintf((char *)dst.data(), dst.size() + 1, format, ap);
} else {
dst = "Format error! format: ";
dst.append(format);
}
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw() {
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
toString(dst, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw() {
string dst;
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
toString(dst, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return dst;
}
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw() {
string dst;
toString(dst, format, ap);
return dst;
}
int main() {
int a = 32;
const char * str = "This works!";
string test(toString("\nSome testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, str));
printf(test.c_str());
a = 0x7fffffff;
test = toString("\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This works too..");
printf(test.c_str());
a = 0x80000000;
toString(test, "\nMore testing: a = %d, %s\n", a, "This way is cheaper");
printf(test.c_str());
return 0;
}
String.h:
#pragma once
#include <cstdarg>
#include <string>
using ::std::string;
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param dst String to store formatted message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
void toString(string &dst, const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ... Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, ...) throw();
///
/// \breif Format message
/// \param format Format of message
/// \param ap Variable argument list
///
string toString(const char *format, va_list ap) throw();
#include <string>
#include <cstdio>
template <typename... Ts>
std::string fmt (const std::string &fmt, Ts... vs)
{
char b;
size_t required = std::snprintf(&b, 0, fmt.c_str(), vs...) + 1;
// See comments: the +1 is necessary, while the first parameter
// can also be set to nullptr
char bytes[required];
std::snprintf(bytes, required, fmt.c_str(), vs...);
return std::string(bytes);
}
#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <vector>
// requires at least C++11
const std::string vformat(const char * const zcFormat, ...) {
// initialize use of the variable argument array
va_list vaArgs;
va_start(vaArgs, zcFormat);
// reliably acquire the size
// from a copy of the variable argument array
// and a functionally reliable call to mock the formatting
va_list vaArgsCopy;
va_copy(vaArgsCopy, vaArgs);
const int iLen = std::vsnprintf(NULL, 0, zcFormat, vaArgsCopy);
va_end(vaArgsCopy);
// return a formatted string without risking memory mismanagement
// and without assuming any compiler or platform specific behavior
std::vector<char> zc(iLen + 1);
std::vsnprintf(zc.data(), zc.size(), zcFormat, vaArgs);
va_end(vaArgs);
return std::string(zc.data(), iLen); }
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
// demonstration of use
int main() {
std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
std::cerr
<< std::put_time(std::localtime(& t), "%D %T")
<< " [debug]: "
<< vformat("Int 1 is %d, Int 2 is %d, Int 3 is %d", 11, 22, 33)
<< std::endl;
return 0; }
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_unique_ptr_0
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_unique_ptr_0 (556 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_unique_ptr_256
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_unique_ptr_256 (331 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_std_string_0
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_std_string_0 (457 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_std_string_256
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_std_string_256 (279 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_on_variadic_tuple_0
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_on_variadic_tuple_0 (1214 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_on_variadic_tuple_256
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_on_variadic_tuple_256 (1325 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_inline_0
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_inline_0 (1208 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_inline_256
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_string_format_on_string_stream_inline_256 (1302 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_fmt_format_positional
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_fmt_format_positional (288 ms)
[ RUN ] ExternalFuncs.test_fmt_format_named
[ OK ] ExternalFuncs.test_fmt_format_named (392 ms)
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
// function that will sprintf to a C++ string starting from std::string::size()
// so if you want to completely overwrite a string or start at a specific point
// use std::string::clear() or std::string::resize(). str is a std::string.
#define STRING_PRINTF(str, ...) \
do { \
const int size = snprintf(NULL, 0, __VA_ARGS__); \
const size_t start_of_string = str.size(); \
str.resize(start_of_string + size); \
snprintf(&str[start_of_string], str.size() + 1, __VA_ARGS__); \
} while (0)
函数的解决方案:
#include <stdarg.h> // For va_start, etc.
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
// function that will sprintf to a C++ string starting from std::string::size()
// so if you want to completely overwrite a string or start at a specific point
// use std::string::clear() or std::string::resize()
int string_printf(std::string& str, const char* const fmt, ...) {
c_va_list c_args;
va_start(c_args.args, fmt);
c_va_list tmpa;
va_copy(tmpa.args, c_args.args);
// Get addtional size required
int size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, tmpa.args);
if (size < 0) {
return -1;
}
const size_t start_of_string = str.size();
str.resize(start_of_string + size);
// plus 1 so the null terminator gets included
size = vsnprintf(&str[start_of_string], str.size() + 1, fmt, c_args.args);
return size;
}
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cwchar>
#include <cstdio>
#include <type_traits>
template<typename T, typename ... Args>
std::basic_string<T> string_format(T const* const format, Args ... args)
{
int size_signed{ 0 };
// 1) Determine size with error handling:
if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, char>) { // C++17
size_signed = std::snprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args ...);
}
else {
size_signed = std::swprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args ...);
}
if (size_signed <= 0) {
throw std::runtime_error("error during formatting.");
}
const auto size = static_cast<size_t>(size_signed);
// 2) Prepare formatted string:
std::basic_string<T> formatted(size, T{});
if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, char>) { // C++17
std::snprintf(formatted.data(), size + 1, format, args ...); // +1 for the '\0' (it will not be part of formatted).
}
else {
std::swprintf(formatted.data(), size + 1, format, args ...); // +1 for the '\0' (it will not be part of formatted).
}
return formatted; // Named Return Value Optimization (NRVO), avoids an unnecessary copy.
}
