启发式是形容词
基于经验的技术
在解决问题,学习和
发现。一个启发式的方法被使用
to rapidly come to a solution that is
hoped to be close to the best possible
answer, or 'optimal solution'.
启发法是“经验法则”
有根据的猜测,直觉的判断
或者仅仅是常识。启发式的是
解决问题的一般方法。
启发式作为名词是另一个名称
启发式方法。
In more precise terms, heuristics
代表容易使用的策略
容易理解,虽然不太适用,
控制问题解决的信息
在人类和机器中。
Heuristics are algorithms, so in that sense there is none, however, heuristics take a 'guess' approach to problem solving, yielding a 'good enough' answer, rather than finding a 'best possible' solution.
Typical examples are from games. When writing a chess game program you could imagine trying every possible move at some depth level and applying some evaluation function to the board. A heuristic would exclude full branches that begin with obviously bad moves.
但是在阅读以上答案后,我的疑问是
"How would Heuristic can be successfully applied using Stochastic Optimization Techniques? or can they function as full fledged algorithms when used with Stochastic Optimization?"
Due to restrictions on what computers can do, it is not always possible to 有效率 find the 最好的 solution possible. If there is enough structure in a problem, there may be an efficient way to traverse the solution space, even though the solution space is huge (i.e. in the shortest path problem).
(note 1): Additionally, algorithms are characterised by whether they include random or non-deterministic elements. An algorithm that always executes the same way and produces the same answer, is called deterministic.
(注2) : 这就是所谓的 P vs NP 问题,分类为 NP 完全和 NP 难的问题不太可能有一个“有效的”算法。注意: 正如@Kriss 在评论中提到的,还有更糟糕的类型的问题,可能需要 EXPTIME 或空间来计算。