如何在 Python 请求库中实现重试机制？

This is a snippet of code I used to retry for the petitions made with urllib2. Maybe you could use it for your purposes:

retries = 1
success = False
while not success:
try:
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
success = True
except Exception as e:
wait = retries * 30;
print 'Error! Waiting %s secs and re-trying...' % wait
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(wait)
retries += 1

The waiting time grows incrementally to avoid be banned from server.

I was able to obtain the desired level of reliability by extending requests.Session class.

Here is the code https://bitbucket.org/bspeakmon/jira-python/src/a7fca855394402f58507ca4056de87ccdbd6a213/jira/resilientsession.py?at=master

EDIT That code was:

from requests import Session
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
import logging
import time




class ResilientSession(Session):


"""
This class is supposed to retry requests that do return temporary errors.


At this moment it supports: 502, 503, 504
"""


def __recoverable(self, error, url, request, counter=1):
if hasattr(error,'status_code'):
if error.status_code in [502, 503, 504]:
error = "HTTP %s" % error.status_code
else:
return False
DELAY = 10 * counter
logging.warn("Got recoverable error [%s] from %s %s, retry #%s in %ss" % (error, request, url, counter, DELAY))
time.sleep(DELAY)
return True




def get(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).get(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message
if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'GET', counter):
continue
return r


def post(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).post(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message
if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'POST', counter):
continue
return r


def delete(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).delete(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message
if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'DELETE', counter):
continue
return r


def put(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).put(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message


if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'PUT', counter):
continue
return r


def head(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).head(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message
if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'HEAD', counter):
continue
return r


def patch(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).patch(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message


if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'PATCH', counter):
continue
return r


def options(self, url, **kwargs):
counter = 0
while True:
counter += 1
try:
r = super(ResilientSession, self).options(url, **kwargs)
except ConnectionError as e:
r = e.message


if self.__recoverable(r, url, 'OPTIONS', counter):
continue
return r

This snippet of code will make all HTTP requests from the same session retry for a total of 5 times, sleeping between retries with an increasing backoff of 0s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s (the first retry is done immediately). It will retry on basic connectivity issues (including DNS lookup failures), and HTTP status codes of 502, 503 and 504.

import logging
import requests


from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter, Retry


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)


s = requests.Session()
retries = Retry(total=5, backoff_factor=1, status_forcelist=[ 502, 503, 504 ])
s.mount('http://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retries))


s.get("http://httpstat.us/503")

See Retry class for details.

Possible solution using retrying package

from retrying import retry
import requests




def retry_if_connection_error(exception):
""" Specify an exception you need. or just True"""
#return True
return isinstance(exception, ConnectionError)


# if exception retry with 2 second wait
@retry(retry_on_exception=retry_if_connection_error, wait_fixed=2000)
def safe_request(url, **kwargs):
return requests.get(url, **kwargs)


response = safe_request('test.com')

Method to retry certain logic if some exception has occured at time intervals t1=1 sec, t2=2 sec, t3=4 sec. We can increase/decrease the time interval as well.

MAX_RETRY = 3
retries = 0


try:


call_to_api() // some business logic goes here.


except Exception as exception:


retries += 1
if retries <= MAX_RETRY:
print("ERROR=Method failed. Retrying ... #%s", retries)
time.sleep((1 << retries) * 1) // retry happens after time as a exponent of 2
continue
else:
raise Exception(exception)

from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry




MAX_RETRY = 2
MAX_RETRY_FOR_SESSION = 2
BACK_OFF_FACTOR = 0.3
TIME_BETWEEN_RETRIES = 1000
ERROR_CODES = (500, 502, 504)




def requests_retry_session(retries=MAX_RETRY_FOR_SESSION,
back_off_factor=BACK_OFF_FACTOR,
status_force_list=ERROR_CODES,
session=None):
session = session
retry = Retry(total=retries, read=retries, connect=retries,
backoff_factor=back_off_factor,
status_forcelist=status_force_list,
method_whitelist=frozenset(['GET', 'POST']))
adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry)
session.mount('http://', adapter)
session.mount('https://', adapter)
return session






class ConfigService:


def __init__(self):
self.session = requests_retry_session(session=requests.Session())


def call_to_api():
config_url = 'http://localhost:8080/predict/'
headers = {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"x-api-key": self.x_api_key
}
response = self.session.get(config_url, headers=headers)
return response