从 zsh 中输入 bash 时如何加载 ~/. bash_profile？

我已经使用 bash 两年了，只是试图通过自制程序在 OS X 上切换到 zsh shell。我将我的默认(登录) shell 设置为 zsh，并且通过查看在启动终端时默认使用的 zsh shell 来确认它的设置是正确的。

但是，当我尝试从 zsh 中输入 bash shell 时，看起来好像没有加载 ~/.bash_profile，因为我不能使用别名运行命令，别名是在 ~/.bash_profile中定义的，比如 alias julia="~/juila/julia"等等。此外，提示符不是我在文件中设置的，而是返回 bash-3.2$。

由于某些原因，当我将登录 shell 设置为 bash，并在 bash 中输入 zsh 时，就可以正确加载 ~/.zshrc。

那么，为什么在 zsh 中运行 bash时不加载它呢？我的 ~/.bash_profile是符号链接到 ~/Dropbox/.bash_profile为了同步它与我的其他计算机。也许是它引起的问题？

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最佳答案

An interactive bash reads your ~/.bash_profile if it's a login shell, or your ~/.bashrc if it's not a login shell.

A typical .bash_profile will contain something like:

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi

so .bashrc can contain commands to be executed by either login or non-login shells.

If you run bash -l rather than just bash, it should read your .bash_profile.

Reference: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Startup-Files.html

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To complement @Keith Thompson's excellent answer:

macOS:

As @chepner puts it succinctly (emphasis mine):

In OS X, bash is not used as part of the initial [at boot time] login process, and the Terminal.app (or other terminal emulators) process exists outside any pre-existing bash sessions, so each new window [or tab - read: interactive bash shell] (by default) treats itself as a new login session.

As a result, some OSX users only ever create ~/.bash_profile, and never bother with ~/.bashrc, because ALL interactive bash shells are login shells.

Linux:

On Linux, the situation is typically reversed: bash shells created interactively are [interactive] NON-login shells, so it is ~/.bashrc that matters.

As a result, many Linux users only ever deal with ~/.bashrc.

To maintain bash profiles that work on BOTH platforms, use the technique @Keith Thompson mentions:

  • Put your definitions (aliases, functions, ...) in ~/.bashrc
  • Add the following line to ~/.bash_profile
[[ -f ~/.bashrc ]] && . ~/.bashrc
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If this is something that you do infrequently, or it just isn't appropriate to make changes, you can also 'source' the .bash_profile after launching the child bash shell. 

. ~/.bash_profile

This will pull in the settings you make in the .bash_profile script for the life of that shell session. In most cases, you should be able to repeat that command, so it's also an easy way to test any changes that you make without needing to do a full login, as well as bring all of your existing shell sessions up-to-date if you make upgrades to the .bash_profile &/or .bashrc files.

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Copy the contents from ~/.bash_profile and paste them at the bottom of ~/.zshrc file.

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For ZSH users on MacOs, I ended up with a one liner.

At the very bottom of the ~/.zshrc I added the following line : 

bash -l

What it does is simply load the .bash_profile settings(aliases, function, export $PATH, ...)

If you decide to get rid of ZSH and go back to plain BASH, you'll be back to normal with no hassle at all.

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Open ~/.zshrc, and at the very bottom of the file, add the following:

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile;
fi

Every time you open the terminal, it will load whatever is defined in ~/.bash_profile (if the file exist). With that, you can keep your custom settings for zsh (colors, and etc). And you get to keep your custom shell settings in .bash_profile file.

This is much cleaner than using bash -l IMO.

If you prefer putting your settings in .bashrc, or .bash_login, or .profile , you can do the same for them.

Similarly, you could also move the common profile settings to separate file, i.e. .my_common_profile, and add the following to both .bash_profile and .zshrc:

if [ -f ~/.my_common_profile ]; then
. ~/.my_common_profile;
fi
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Recently I installed oh-my-zsh on OS X and set zsh as default shell and faced the same problem.
I solved this problem by adding source ~/.bash_profile at the end of .zshrc file.

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For those who have just installed zsh and want their alias from bash to work on zsh do the following

  1. Open .zshrc file in vim like so

     vi ~/.zshrc

  2. Scroll to the bottom

  3. click "i" to enable write mode
  4. Tell zsh to load items from bash_profile when needed like so 
    source ~/.bash_profile
  5. Write and quit like so 
    :wq
  6. Refresh your zsh like so 
    source ~/.zshrc
    That's it. Now all your saved alias in .bash_profile will be ready to use in zsh.
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I am using a zsh framework called oh my zsh and I have tried most of the solutions listed here and it broke the format for my custom theme. However, these steps worked for me.

  1. Add new alias(es) at the bottom of my .bash_profile

    vi ~/.bash_profile

  2. Make zsh to load items from .bash_profile

    source ~/.bash_profile

  3. Refresh zsh

    source ~/.zshrc

  4. Restart OSX Terminal app

  5. Try your new alias!

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If you'd like to be "profile-centric", you can create .profile as a single source of truth, then load it from both .bash_profile and .zprofile.

.profile

export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH"
# etc., etc.

.bash_profile and .zprofile

if [ -f ~/.profile ]; then
. ~/.profile;
fi

I found this helped bash scripts find the right PATH, etc., and helped me keep configuration in one place.

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For macOS Big Sur (Version 11.5.2)

  • Open .zshrc

    • For example: sudo nano ~/.zshrc

  • At the end of the file add source ~/.bash_profile

Every time you open the terminal the contents inside the bash profile will be loaded.


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