尝试为 python 安装 Postgres 时出错(psycopg2)

我试图在我的环境中安装 Psycopg2，但是我得到了以下错误:

(venv)avlahop@apostolos-laptop:~/development/django/rhombus-dental$ sudo pip install psycopg2
Downloading/unpacking psycopg2,
Downloading psycopg2-2.5.2.tar.gz (685kB): 685kB downloaded
Running setup.py egg_info for package psycopg2


Installing collected packages: psycopg2
Running setup.py install for psycopg2
building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.5.2 (dt dec pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x09010D -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.1/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement
In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:
./psycopg/psycopg.h:30:20: fatal error: Python.h: Δεν υπάρχει τέτοιο αρχείο ή κατάλογος
#include <Python.h>
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-SgfQCA-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
running install


running build


running build_py


creating build


creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7


creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/pool.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/errorcodes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/_json.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/_range.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/extensions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/psycopg1.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/tz.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


copying lib/extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2


creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/testconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copyng tests/test_bug_gc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_dates.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_copy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_cancel.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_bugX000.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_extras_dictcursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_psycopg2_dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_types_basic.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_async.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_lobject.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_cursor.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_with.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_types_extras.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/testutils.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_notify.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_green.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_quote.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_connection.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_transaction.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/dbapi20.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/test_module.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


copying tests/dbapi20_tpc.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg2/tests


running build_ext


building 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension


creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7


creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg


x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.5.2 (dt dec pq3 ext)" -DPG_VERSION_HEX=0x09010D -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -I/usr/include/python2.7 -I. -I/usr/include/postgresql -I/usr/include/postgresql/9.1/server -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o -Wdeclaration-after-statement


In file included from psycopg/psycopgmodule.c:27:0:


./psycopg/psycopg.h:30:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
#include <Python.h>


^


compilation terminated.


error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1


----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-SgfQCA-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/psycopg2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('pip==1.4.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 148, in main
return command.main(args[1:], options)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 169, in main
text = '\n'.join(complete_log)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xce in position 54: ordinal not in range(128)

我在安装枪角兽的时候也会出错。我在这里遵循这个的例子，但什么也没有。我的虚拟环境是使用 --no-site-packagesFlag 创建的。我使用 ubuntu 13.10和希腊语环境。也许是因为这个？

66993

小开

First of all install python-dev

sudo apt-get install python-dev

And to adecuate use try this:

This is to do with the encoding of your terminal not being set to UTF-8. Here is my terminal:

$ echo $LANG
es_UY.UTF-8
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 20 2012, 22:39:59)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '(\xef\xbd\xa1\xef\xbd\xa5\xcf\x89\xef\xbd\xa5\xef\xbd\xa1)\xef\xbe\x89'
>>> s1 = s.decode('utf-8')
>>> print s1
(｡･ω･｡)ﾉ
>>>

If I unset I got the same error you got:

$ unset LANG
$ python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 20 2012, 22:39:59)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = '(\xef\xbd\xa1\xef\xbd\xa5\xcf\x89\xef\xbd\xa5\xef\xbd\xa1)\xef\xbe\x89'
>>> s1 = s.decode('utf-8')
>>> print s1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 1-5: ordinal not in range(128)
>>>

小开

最佳答案

The python-dev package is required for compilation of Python extensions written in C or C++, like psycopg2. If you're running a Debian-based distribution (e.g. Ubuntu), you can install python-dev by running

sudo apt install python-dev

sudo apt install python3-dev

depending on your python version (for example, sudo apt install python3.8-dev).

After that, proceed to install psycopg2 in your virtualenv environment as usual.

小开

In my case (ubuntu 12.04 with python 2.7 and python 3.4 installed)

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

was not enough. What did the trick was

sudo apt-get install python3.4-dev

小开

For Ubuntu 14.04, from Docker image python:3.4.3-slim this combination worked for me:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
sudo apt-get install -y python3.4-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libpq-dev


pip3 install psycopg2

Note build-essential package. It was crucial in my case.

小开

Debian:

sudo apt-get install gcc

小开

For the latest Python 3.7 I had to install python3.7-dev:

sudo apt-get install -y python3.7-dev

小开

On Amazon Linux within a python3 venv I had to do the following:

sudo yum install python3-devel postgresql-devel
pip install psycopg2

小开

I tried all the solution but only works be

pip install psycopg2-binary

after installing lib you can use import psycopg2 in python file and then further db connection config

小开

sudo apt-get install -y build-essential after trying everything with no success this helped me solve my problem.

小开

In my case, I tried to install psysopg2 version 2.7.3.2 in a virtual environment with python3.8.

The above error occurred.

As it turned out, python3.8 requires psycopg2 version 2.8 or higher.

小开

Remove the current virtual environment and create another one. Install the dependencies first then the rest you've been using. This works