func RandStringBytesRmndr(n int) string {
b := make([]byte, n)
for i := range b {
b[i] = letterBytes[rand.Int63() % int64(len(letterBytes))]
}
return string(b)
}
Go 1.10引入了strings.Builder。strings.Builder是一个新类型,我们可以使用它来构建类似于bytes.Buffer的string的内容。在内部,它使用[]byte来构建内容,当我们完成时,我们可以使用它的strings.Builder0方法获得最终的string值。但是它最酷的地方在于它不执行我们上面讨论的复制。它敢这样做是因为用于构建字符串内容的字节切片没有被暴露,因此可以保证没有人可以无意或恶意地修改它来改变产生的“不可变”。字符串。
const (
letterBytes = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" // 52 possibilities
letterIdxBits = 6 // 6 bits to represent 64 possibilities / indexes
letterIdxMask = 1<<letterIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as letterIdxBits
)
func SecureRandomAlphaString(length int) string {
result := make([]byte, length)
bufferSize := int(float64(length)*1.3)
for i, j, randomBytes := 0, 0, []byte{}; i < length; j++ {
if j%bufferSize == 0 {
randomBytes = SecureRandomBytes(bufferSize)
}
if idx := int(randomBytes[j%length] & letterIdxMask); idx < len(letterBytes) {
result[i] = letterBytes[idx]
i++
}
}
return string(result)
}
// SecureRandomBytes returns the requested number of bytes using crypto/rand
func SecureRandomBytes(length int) []byte {
var randomBytes = make([]byte, length)
_, err := rand.Read(randomBytes)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("Unable to generate random bytes")
}
return randomBytes
}
如果你想要一个更通用的解决方案,它允许你传入字符字节的切片来创建字符串,你可以尝试使用这个:
// SecureRandomString returns a string of the requested length,
// made from the byte characters provided (only ASCII allowed).
// Uses crypto/rand for security. Will panic if len(availableCharBytes) > 256.
func SecureRandomString(availableCharBytes string, length int) string {
// Compute bitMask
availableCharLength := len(availableCharBytes)
if availableCharLength == 0 || availableCharLength > 256 {
panic("availableCharBytes length must be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 256")
}
var bitLength byte
var bitMask byte
for bits := availableCharLength - 1; bits != 0; {
bits = bits >> 1
bitLength++
}
bitMask = 1<<bitLength - 1
// Compute bufferSize
bufferSize := length + length / 3
// Create random string
result := make([]byte, length)
for i, j, randomBytes := 0, 0, []byte{}; i < length; j++ {
if j%bufferSize == 0 {
// Random byte buffer is empty, get a new one
randomBytes = SecureRandomBytes(bufferSize)
}
// Mask bytes to get an index into the character slice
if idx := int(randomBytes[j%length] & bitMask); idx < availableCharLength {
result[i] = availableCharBytes[idx]
i++
}
}
return string(result)
}
// len(encodeURL) == 64. This allows (x <= 265) x % 64 to have an even
// distribution.
const encodeURL = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
// A helper function create and fill a slice of length n with characters from
// a-zA-Z0-9_-. It panics if there are any problems getting random bytes.
func RandAsciiBytes(n int) []byte {
output := make([]byte, n)
// We will take n bytes, one byte for each character of output.
randomness := make([]byte, n)
// read all random
_, err := rand.Read(randomness)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// fill output
for pos := range output {
// get random item
random := uint8(randomness[pos])
// random % 64
randomPos := random % uint8(len(encodeURL))
// put into output
output[pos] = encodeURL[randomPos]
}
return output
}
func randStr(len int) string {
buff := make([]byte, len)
rand.Read(buff)
str := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buff)
// Base 64 can be longer than len
return str[:len]
}
func randomString(length int, upperCase bool) string {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
var alphabet string
if upperCase {
alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
} else {
alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
}
var sb strings.Builder
l := len(alphabet)
for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
c := alphabet[rand.Intn(l)]
sb.WriteByte(c)
}
return sb.String()
}
如果不需要大写字母,就像这样
func randomString(length int) string {
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
var alphabet string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
var sb strings.Builder
l := len(alphabet)
for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
c := alphabet[rand.Intn(l)]
sb.WriteByte(c)
}
return sb.String()
}
package main
import (
"encoding/base64"
"fmt"
"math/rand"
"time"
)
// customEncodeURL is like `bas64.encodeURL`
// except its made up entirely of uppercase characters:
const customEncodeURL = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKL"
// Random generates a random string.
// It is not cryptographically secure.
func Random(n int) string {
b := make([]byte, n)
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
_, _ = rand.Read(b) // docs say that it always returns a nil error.
customEncoding := base64.NewEncoding(customEncodeURL).WithPadding(base64.NoPadding)
return customEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(Random(16))
}