Spring@Scheduled 带注释的方法在不同的线程上运行吗？

A method annotated with @Scheduled is meant to be run separately, on a different thread at a moment in time.

If you haven't provided a TaskScheduler in your configuration, Spring will use

Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();

which returns an ScheduledExecutorService that runs on a single thread. As such, if you have multiple @Scheduled methods, although they are scheduled, they each need to wait for the thread to complete executing the previous task. You might keep getting bigger and bigger delays as the the queue fills up faster than it empties out.

Make sure you configure your scheduling environment with an appropriate amount of threads.

The documentation about scheduling says:

If you do not provide a pool-size attribute, the default thread pool will only have a single thread.

So if you have many scheduled tasks, you should configure the scheduler, as explained in the documentation, to have a pool with more threads, to make sure one long task doesn't delay all the other ones.

For completeness, code below shows the simplest possible way to configure scheduler with java config:

@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
public class SpringConfiguration {


@Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
public Executor taskScheduler() {
return Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
}
...

When more control is desired, a @Configuration class may implement SchedulingConfigurer.

you can use:

@Bean()
public  ThreadPoolTaskScheduler  taskScheduler(){
ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
taskScheduler.setPoolSize(2);
return  taskScheduler;
}

default spring using a single thread for schedule task. you can using @Configuration for class implements SchedulingConfigurer . referce: https://crmepham.github.io/spring-boot-multi-thread-scheduling/

The @EnableScheduling annotation provides the key information and how to resolve it:

By default, will be searching for an associated scheduler definition: either a unique TaskScheduler bean in the context, or a TaskScheduler bean named "taskScheduler" otherwise; the same lookup will also be performed for a ScheduledExecutorService bean. If neither of the two is resolvable, a local single-threaded default scheduler will be created and used within the registrar.

When more control is desired, a @Configuration class may implement SchedulingConfigurer. This allows access to the underlying ScheduledTaskRegistrar instance. For example, the following example demonstrates how to customize the Executor used to execute scheduled tasks:

 @Configuration
@EnableScheduling
public class AppConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {


@Override
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
taskRegistrar.setScheduler(taskExecutor());
}


@Bean(destroyMethod="shutdown")
public Executor taskExecutor() {
return Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(100);
}
}

(emphasis added)

If you're using Spring Boot:

There is also a property you can set in your application properties file that increases the pool size:

spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=10

Seems to be there since Spring Boot 2.1.0.

Using XML file add below lines..

<task:scheduler id="taskScheduler" pool-size="15" />
<task:scheduled-tasks scheduler="taskScheduler" >
....
</task:scheduled-tasks>

Use below link for the reference..great explanation and implementation:

https://crmepham.github.io/spring-boot-multi-thread-scheduling/#:~:text=By%20default%20Spring%20Boot%20will,there%20is%20enough%20threads%20available).

We need to pass our own thread pool scheduler, otherwise it will use default single threaded executor. Have added below code to fix-

@Bean
public Executor scheduledTaskThreadPool() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("name-");
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}