可以在 Django 之外使用 Django 数据库层吗？

You just need to configure the Django settings before you do any calls, including importing your models. Something like this:

from django.conf import settings
settings.configure(
DATABASE_ENGINE = 'postgresql_psycopg2',
DATABASE_NAME = 'db_name',
DATABASE_USER = 'db_user',
DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'db_pass',
DATABASE_HOST = 'localhost',
DATABASE_PORT = '5432',
TIME_ZONE = 'America/New_York',
)

Again, be sure to run that code before running, e.g.:

from your_app.models import *

Then just use the DB API as usual.

For using Django ORM from other applications you need:

1) export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=dproj.settings

2) Add your Django app folder to the path (you can do it in the code of your non-django-app):

sys.path = sys.path + ['/path/to/your/app/']

3) If using SQLite, use the full path to the db file in settings.py:

DATABASE_NAME = '/path/to/your/app/base.db'

Update setup_environ is to be removed in django 1.6

If you're able to import your settings.py file, then take a look at handy setup_environ command.

from django.core.management import setup_environ
from mysite import settings


setup_environ(settings)


#here you can do everything you could in your project

A final option no-one's mentioned: a custom ./manage.py subcommand.

For django 1.5 on (multiple databases are supported) the DATABASE settings also changed. You need to adapt the previous answer to ...

settings.configure(
DATABASES = { 'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'db_name',
'USER': 'db_usr',
'PASSWORD': 'db_pass',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}, },
TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Luxembourg'
)

For django 1.7, I used the following to get up and running.

settings.py:

from django.conf import settings
settings.configure(
DATABASES={
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'name',
'USER': 'usr',
'PASSWORD': 'secret',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '5432',
},
},
TIME_ZONE='America/Montreal',
)

In the file containing the startup routine

import os
import django


import v10consolidator.settings
from myapp.models import *


os.environ.setdefault(
"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE",
"myapp.settings"
)
django.setup()

import os, sys


BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "project_name.settings")
sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, os.pardir)))


from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()


from app.models import MyModel

Based on the answer by Hai Hu, here is a working script, tested on Django 1.10 and 1.11. I first import Django's base apps because they are needed in many other apps.

import os
from django.conf import settings
from django.apps import apps


conf = {
'INSTALLED_APPS': [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sitemaps',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'<your_app>',
],
'DATABASES': {
'default': {
'ENGINE': os.environ.get('DB_ENGINE'),
'NAME': os.environ.get('DB_NAME'),
'USER': os.environ.get('DB_USER'),
'PASSWORD': os.environ.get('DB_PASSWORD'),
'HOST': os.environ.get('DB_HOST'),
'PORT': os.environ.get('DB_PORT'),
}
},
'TIME_ZONE': 'UTC'
}


settings.configure(**conf)
apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)


<import your app models here>

Here is the code I use. Just replace your_project with your Django project name, yourApp with your Django app name, any_model with the model you want to use in models file and any_fild with the field you want to get from the database:

from django.conf import settings
import django


from your_project.settings import DATABASES, INSTALLED_APPS
settings.configure(DATABASES=DATABASES, INSTALLED_APPS=INSTALLED_APPS)
django.setup()


from yourApp.models import *
print(any_model.objects.all()[0].any_fild)

I was looking for answers for django 3.0 and none of the above method exactly worked for me.

I read the official docs at https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/ and this scripts worked for me.

Project Structure

mysite
mysite
...
settings.py
db.sqlite3
db_tasks.py
manage.py
polls

db_tasks.py:

import os
import django


os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'mysite.settings'
django.setup()


from polls.models import Question


print(Question.objects.all())
out: <QuerySet [<Question: WTU?]>

In Django >= V.3.2.3 Put the following before you model import

import os
import django


os.environ.setdefault(
'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mymodule.settings'
)
django.setup()
from app.models import MyModel

Then use your model as usual.

myitem = MyModel()
myitem.data = 'some data'
myitem.save()

Regards

for django 3+ :

#########################

directory and files structure:

--my_project

----my_project > settings.py

----myapps

##########################

import sys
sys.path.append("C:/Users/khder/Desktop/test/my_project") #append your main project directory path


import os
import django


#define your setting file as the following.
os.environ.setdefault(
'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'my_project.settings'
)
django.setup()


from my_app.models import MyModel
qs = MyModel.objects.all()
print(qs)

note: for path always use slash '/' not backslash '' even if you are using windows.

this is just example and change it based on your case/requirement.

i hope this helpful . done.