URL 的整个第一部分叫什么？

如果我有这样的网址:

http://www.example.com:9090/test.html

那么我知道 www.example.com是主机名，但是 http://www.example.com:9090叫什么呢？有什么专门的名字吗？

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I don't think so. If there was, I would expect the DOM to reflect this in the window.location class: https://developer.mozilla.org/En/DOM/Window.location

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最佳答案

I don't know the name for when it has the scheme, but the hostname with the port is collectively known as the Authority. A nice explanation here.

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RFC 3986 details the syntax components. The part you refer to would be the scheme (http) and authority (www.example.com:9090).

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You can read about every part of URL on Wikipedia. You'll find there that http is a protocol name, :9090 determines that the connection should be establishment on port #9090 etc.

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  • http:// - Protocol
  • www - Server-Name (subdomain)
  • example - Second Level Domain (SLD)
  • com - Top Level Domain (TLD)
  • 9090 - Port number
  • /test.html - Path

Save the protocol, you can refer to 'www.example.com' as either the hostname or - more specifically - the 'fully qualified domain name'.

Toss in the '9090' and personally I'd be comfortable calling it the host, as that's usually what you'd get as the 'host' header in an HTTP request; something like 'host: www.example.com:9090'. In PHP it would be stored in the $_SERVER variable under 'HTTP_HOST' or 'SERVER_NAME'. In JavaScript it would be available as the document.location.host.

I don't know, what you could call it once you toss in 'http://' :(

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It means that the HTTP server hosting example.com is using the port 9090 for processing HTTP requests, it is a directive to the browser that it should connect to that server on port 9090 instead of 80 which it normally does if the port is not specified

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FWIW, the .Net framework Uri class goes for "GetLeftPart()". It's irritating not having a proper name for "scheme + authority"

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It is called the origin.

More generally speaking, here are the different parts of a URL, as per Location. (So at least according to how Javascript calls it)

protocol://username:password@hostname:port/pathname?search#hash
-----------------------------href------------------------------
-----host----
-----------      origin      -------------
  • protocol - protocol scheme of the URL, including the final ':'
  • hostname - domain name
  • port - port number
  • pathname - /pathname
  • search - ?parameters
  • hash - #fragment_identifier
  • username - username specified before the domain name
  • password - password specified before the domain name
  • href - the entire URL
  • origin - protocol://hostname:port
  • host - hostname:port

Note that the exact naming of each part may be different in different standards. For example, 'host' in RFC 6454 section 4. means 'hostname' in the above diagram.


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