// 'f' is the integrand we want to integrate over [a, b] with 'n' subintervals.
static double Gauss3(Integrand f, double a, double b, int n) {
double res = 0;
// compute result
// ...
return res;
}
所以我们可以传入任意Integrand, f,并得到它在闭合区间上的定积分。
Integrand应该是什么类型?
没有代表
好吧,如果没有委托,我们需要某种带有单个方法的接口,比如eval声明如下:
// Interface describing real-valued functions of one variable.
interface Integrand {
double eval(double x);
}
然后我们需要创建一大堆实现这个接口的类,如下所示:
// Some function
class MyFunc1 : Integrand {
public double eval(double x) {
return /* some_result */ ;
}
}
// Some other function
class MyFunc2 : Integrand {
public double eval(double x) {
return /* some_result */ ;
}
}
// etc
static double Gauss3(Integrand f, double a, double b, int n) {
// Use the integrand passed in:
f.eval(x);
}
因此,我们需要做所有这些,只是为了使用Guass3中的任意函数。
与代表
public delegate double Integrand(double x);
现在我们可以定义一些静态(或非静态)函数来继承这个原型:
class Program {
public delegate double Integrand(double x);
// Define implementations to above delegate
// with similar input and output types
static double MyFunc1(double x) { /* ... */ }
static double MyFunc2(double x) { /* ... */ }
// ... etc ...
public static double Gauss3(Integrand f, ...) {
// Now just call the function naturally, no f.eval() stuff.
double a = f(x);
// ...
}
// Let's use it
static void Main() {
// Just pass the function in naturally (well, its reference).
double res = Gauss3(MyFunc1, a, b, n);
double res = Gauss3(MyFunc2, a, b, n);
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace DelegateApp {
/// <summary>
/// A class to define a person
/// </summary>
public class Person {
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
}
class Program {
//Our delegate
public delegate bool FilterDelegate(Person p);
static void Main(string[] args) {
//Create 4 Person objects
Person p1 = new Person() { Name = "John", Age = 41 };
Person p2 = new Person() { Name = "Jane", Age = 69 };
Person p3 = new Person() { Name = "Jake", Age = 12 };
Person p4 = new Person() { Name = "Jessie", Age = 25 };
//Create a list of Person objects and fill it
List<Person> people = new List<Person>() { p1, p2, p3, p4 };
//Invoke DisplayPeople using appropriate delegate
DisplayPeople("Children:", people, IsChild);
DisplayPeople("Adults:", people, IsAdult);
DisplayPeople("Seniors:", people, IsSenior);
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>
/// A method to filter out the people you need
/// </summary>
/// <param name="people">A list of people</param>
/// <param name="filter">A filter</param>
/// <returns>A filtered list</returns>
static void DisplayPeople(string title, List<Person> people, FilterDelegate filter) {
Console.WriteLine(title);
foreach (Person p in people) {
if (filter(p)) {
Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1} years old", p.Name, p.Age);
}
}
Console.Write("\n\n");
}
//==========FILTERS===================
static bool IsChild(Person p) {
return p.Age < 18;
}
static bool IsAdult(Person p) {
return p.Age >= 18;
}
static bool IsSenior(Person p) {
return p.Age >= 65;
}
}
}
输出:
Children:
Jake, 12 years old
Adults:
John, 41 years old
Jane, 69 years old
Jessie, 25 years old
Seniors:
Jane, 69 years old
class FTP
{
public void Begin()
{
string filePath = DownloadFileFromFtpAndReturnPathName();
SaveDatabase sd = new SaveDatabase();
sd.Begin(filePath, NotifyFtpComplete());
}
private void NotifyFtpComplete()
{
//Code to send file to FTP site
}
}
class SaveDatabase
{
private void Begin(string filePath, delegateType NotifyJobComplete())
{
SaveToTheDatabase(filePath);
/* InvokeTheDelegate -
* here we can execute the NotifyJobComplete
* method at our preferred moment in the application,
* despite the method being private and belonging
* to a different class.
*/
NotifyJobComplete.Invoke();
}
}
因此,有了这些解释,我们现在可以使用c#在这个控制台应用程序中真正做到这一点
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
/* I've made this class private to demonstrate that
* the SaveToDatabase cannot have any knowledge of this Program class.
*/
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
//Note, this NotifyDelegate type is defined in the SaveToDatabase project
NotifyDelegate nofityDelegate = new NotifyDelegate(NotifyIfComplete);
SaveToDatabase sd = new SaveToDatabase();
sd.Start(nofityDelegate);
Console.ReadKey();
}
/* this is the method which will be delegated -
* the only thing it has in common with the NofityDelegate
* is that it takes 0 parameters and that it returns void.
* However, it is these 2 which are essential.
* It is really important to notice that it writes
* a variable which, due to no constructor,
* has not yet been called (so _notice is not initialized yet).
*/
private static void NotifyIfComplete()
{
Console.WriteLine(_notice);
}
private static string _notice = "Notified";
}
public class SaveToDatabase
{
public void Start(NotifyDelegate nd)
{
/* I shouldn't write to the console from here,
* just for demonstration purposes
*/
Console.WriteLine("SaveToDatabase Complete");
Console.WriteLine(" ");
nd.Invoke();
}
}
public delegate void NotifyDelegate();
}
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
/* I've made this class private to demonstrate that the SaveToDatabase
* cannot have any knowledge of this Program class.
*/
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SaveToDatabase sd = new SaveToDatabase();
/* Please note, that although NotifyIfComplete()
* takes a string parameter, we do not declare it,
* all we want to do is tell C# where the method is
* so it can be referenced later,
* we will pass the parameter later.
*/
var notifyDelegateWithMessage = new NotifyDelegateWithMessage(NotifyIfComplete);
sd.Start(notifyDelegateWithMessage );
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void NotifyIfComplete(string message)
{
Console.WriteLine(message);
}
}
public class SaveToDatabase
{
public void Start(NotifyDelegateWithMessage nd)
{
/* To simulate a saving fail or success, I'm just going
* to check the current time (well, the seconds) and
* store the value as variable.
*/
string message = string.Empty;
if (DateTime.Now.Second > 30)
message = "Saved";
else
message = "Failed";
//It is at this point we pass the parameter to our method.
nd.Invoke(message);
}
}
public delegate void NotifyDelegateWithMessage(string message);
}