如何在 Go 中可靠地检测操作系统/平台

Have you looked at the runtime package? It has a GOOS const: http://golang.org/pkg/runtime/#pkg-constants

Detection at compile time

If you're doing this to have different implementations depending on the OS, it is more useful to have separate files with the implementation of that feature and add build tags to each of the files. This is used in many places in the standard library, for example in the os package.

These so-called "Build constraints" or "Build tags" are explained here.

Say you have the constant PATH_SEPARATOR and you want that platform-dependent, you would make two files, one for Windows and one for the (UNIX) rest:

/project/path_windows.go
/project/path_unix.go

The code of these files would then be:

path_windows.go

// +build windows


package project


const PATH_SEPARATOR = '\\'

path_unix.go

// +build !windows


package project


const PATH_SEPARATOR = '/'

You can now access PATH_SEPARATOR in your code and have it platform dependant.

Detection at runtime

If you want to determine the operating system at runtime, use the runtime.GOOS variable:

if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
fmt.Println("Hello from Windows")
}

While this is compiled into the runtime and therefore ignores the environment, you can nevertheless be relatively certain that the value is correct. The reason for this is that every platform that is worth distinguishing needs rebuilding due to different executable formats and thus has a new GOOS value.

I just stumbled on this looking for something else and noticed the age of this post so I'll add a more updated addition. If you're just trying to handle the correct filepath I would use filepath.Join(). Its takes all of the guesswork out of os issues. If there is more you need, other than just filepath, using the runtime constants (runtime.GOOS & runtime.GOARCH) are the way to go: playground example

With regards to detecting the platform, you can use Distribution Detector project to detect the Linux distribution being run.

Since this is an older question and answer I have found another solution.

You could simply use the constants defined in the os package. This const returns a rune so you would need to use string conversion also.

string(os.PathSeparator)
string(os.PathListSeparator)

Example: https://play.golang.org/p/g6jnF7W5_pJ

I tested in Go 1.17.1 which really worked for me.

package main


import (
"fmt"
"runtime"
)
func main(){
fmt.Println(runtime.GOOS)
}


Output:
darwin

The first answer from @nemo is the most apropiate, i just wanted to point out that if you are currently a user of gopls language server the build tags may not work as intended.

There's no solution or workaround up to now, the most you can do is change your editor's lsp configs (vscode, neovim, emacs, etc) to select a build tag in order to being able to edit the files with that tag without errors. Editing files with another tag will not work, and trying to select multiple tags fails as well. This is the current progress of the issue github@go/x/tools/gopls

It's 2022 and the correct answer for go 1.18+ is:

At runtime you want:

if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
// windows specific code here...
}

If you need to determine the filesystem path separator character

Use: os.PathSeparator

Examples:

• c:\program files
• /usr/local/bin

If you need the Path List separator as used by the PATH environment variable

Use: os.PathListSeparator

Examples:

• /usr/local/bin:/usr/local:
• "C:\windows";"c:\windows\system32";