在 Git 中使用 Winmerge 来编写 diff 文件

Update June 2015, 6 years later:

As detailed in "git mergetool winmerge", a simple git config diff.tool winmerge will be enough.

Git 2.5+ (Q2, 2015) is now aware of Winmerge as a diff or merge tool!

Original answer (2009-2012)

(msysgit, 1.6.5, DOS session)

The first part (using winmerge) is described in "How do I view ‘git diff’ output with visual diff program?"

C:\myGitRepo>git config --replace --global diff.tool winmerge
C:\myGitRepo>git config --replace --global difftool.winmerge.cmd "winmerge.sh \"$LOCAL\" \"$REMOTE\""
C:\myGitRepo>git config --replace --global difftool.prompt false

With winmerge.sh stored in a directory part of your PATH:

#!/bin/sh
echo Launching WinMergeU.exe: $1 $2
"$PROGRAMFILES/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe" -e -u -dl "Local" -dr "Remote" "$1" "$2"

(see WinMerge Command-line options)

git difftool

will now launch WinMerge.
If you want git diff to launch WinMerge, just set:

set GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=winmerge.sh

But the real added value comes from the ability to use that same diff tool to present all differences in one batch instead of presenting them sequentially, forcing you to close the diff tool windows one file at a time.

Update June 2012 (2-and-a-half years later):

Comparing directories instead of file-by-file will be available soon:
See [ANNOUNCE] Git 1.7.11.rc1:

"git difftool" learned the "--dir-diff" option to spawn external diff tools that can compare two directory hierarchies at a time after populating two temporary directories, instead of running an instance of the external tool once per a file pair.

See "Patch difftool: teach difftool to handle directory diffs", and the answer "Directory comparison of Git branches" for more details.

Original difftool by directories script (December 2009)

As Seba Illingworth mentions in his answer, a script git-diffall.sh (also put in the path) can do just that:

#!/bin/sh
git diff --name-only "$@" | while read filename; do
git difftool "$@" --no-prompt "$filename" &
done

But that only works by opening n windows for n files (if you try to use the -s option of WinMerge, it will not work because of the temp files being deleted by the difftool too early)

That is why I like the approach of GitDiff.bat - power-diffing with GI, which allows you to review the list of files with a difference, before selecting one to examine its internal differences.
I have tweaked it to use only DOS commands

@echo off


setlocal


if "%1" == "-?" (
echo GitDiff - enables diffing of file lists, instead of having to serially
echo diff files without being able to go back to a previous file.
echo Command-line options are passed through to git diff.
echo If GIT_FOLDER_DIFF is set, it is used to diff the file lists. Default is windff.
goto END
)


if "%GIT_DIFF_COPY_FILES%"=="" (
rd /s /q %TEMP%\GitDiff
mkdir %TEMP%\GitDiff
mkdir %TEMP%\GitDiff\old
mkdir %TEMP%\GitDiff\new


REM This batch file will be called by git diff. This env var indicates whether it is
REM being called directly, or inside git diff
set GIT_DIFF_COPY_FILES=1


set GIT_DIFF_OLD_FILES=%TEMP%\GitDiff\old
set GIT_DIFF_NEW_FILES=%TEMP%\GitDiff\new


set GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=%~dp0\GitDiff.bat
echo Please wait and press q when you see "(END)" printed in reverse color...
call git diff %*


if defined GIT_FOLDER_DIFF (
REM This command using GIT_FOLDER_DIFF just does not work for some reason.
%GIT_FOLDER_DIFF% %TEMP%\GitDiff\old %TEMP%\GitDiff\new
goto END
)


if exist "%ProgramFiles%\Beyond Compare 2\BC2.exe" (
set GIT_FOLDER_DIFF="%ProgramFiles%\Beyond Compare 2\BC2.exe"
"%ProgramFiles%\Beyond Compare 2\BC2.exe" %TEMP%\GitDiff\old %TEMP%\GitDiff\new
goto END
)


"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\WinMerge\WinMergeU.exe" -r -e -dl "Local" -dr "Remote"  %TEMP%\GitDiff\old %TEMP%\GitDiff\new
goto END
)


REM diff is called by git with 7 parameters:
REM     path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
copy %TEMP%\%~nx2 %GIT_DIFF_OLD_FILES%\%1
copy %5 %GIT_DIFF_NEW_FILES%


:END

It is not robust enough to handle files with same names in different directories, but it gives you a general idea of what is possible:
Here only one WinMerge will open up, with the list of files having internal differences. You can click on the ones you want to examines, then a simple ESC will close the all WinMerge-diff session.

I faced trouble using the first part in 2 places and fixed it as follows

1. The second command for setting up winmerge.cmd required an extra slash on cmdline (before $LOCAL and $REMOTE), else cygwin was substituting the variable in cmdline

   C:\myGitRepo>git config --replace --global difftool.winmerge.cmd "winmerge.sh \"\$LOCAL\" \"\$REMOTE\""
   

2. changed the winmerge.sh file to (without this, was getting right-path-invalid error)

   #!/bin/sh
   echo Launching WinMergeU.exe: "$(cygpath -aw "$1")" "$(cygpath -aw "$2")"
   "$PROGRAMFILES/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe" -e -ub -dl "Base" -dr "Mine" "$(cygpath -aw "$1")" "$(cygpath -aw "$2")"
   

I was confused about why the solution was presented as a DOS batch file, as my Git installation came with a bash shell. I was also unable to get a DOS context running from bash, so I've attempted to adapt what was previously shared in a bash context.

Since git diff appears to run the specified command once for each file, I split my solution into two bash scripts:

First, configure gitprepdiff.sh to be the difftool as previously mentioned

#!/bin/sh
#echo ...gitprepdiff.sh
cp -v $1 "$TMP/GitDiff/old/$2"
cp -v $2 "$TMP/GitDiff/new"

I also noted that the results of the git configure commands can be found and edited directly in C:\Users\<username>\.gitconfigure

gitdiff.sh is then run at the command-line where you would normally call git diff

#!/bin/sh
#echo Running gitdiff.sh...


DIFFTEMP=$TMP/GitDiff


echo Deleting and re-creating $DIFFTEMP...
rm -rf $DIFFTEMP;
mkdir $DIFFTEMP;


echo Creating $DIFFTEMP/old...
mkdir $DIFFTEMP/old;


echo Creating $DIFFTEMP/new...
mkdir $DIFFTEMP/new;


git diff --name-only "$@" | while read filename; do
git difftool "$@" --no-prompt "$filename";
done


"$PROGRAMFILES\WinMerge\WinMergeU.exe" -r -e -dl "Repository" -dr "Working" $LOCALAPPDATA\\Temp\\1\\GitDiff\\old $LOCALAPPDATA\\Temp\\1\\GitDiff\\new

Also worth noting is that, on my installation, /tmp (in bash) mapped to %LOCALAPPDATA%\Temp\1\ (in Windows), so that's why I'm using the latter in my call to WinMerge.

Since the thread is getting confusing and bifurcated, here are consolidated instructions for the Directory Listing "--dir-diff" WinMerge method for msysgit Git Windows.

Step 1 - Create a file named winmerge.sh at a location accessible to your path (such as /home/bin/winmerge.sh) with following contents.

#!/bin/sh
echo Launching WinMergeU.exe: $1 $2
"$PROGRAMFILES/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe" -r -ub -dl "Remote" -dr "Local" "$1" "$2"

Step 2 - Type the following commands in Git Bash to instruct git to use winmerge.sh as difftool (these options get stored in /home/.gitconfig):

git config --replace --global diff.tool winmerge
git config --replace --global difftool.winmerge.cmd "winmerge.sh \"$LOCAL\" \"$REMOTE\""
git config --replace --global difftool.prompt false

Step 3 - Now you can test by typing the following command in Git Bash to start your WinMerge diff:

git difftool --dir-diff

Step 4 - For quicker access, create an alias for this command by adding this line to .bashrc in your home folder (or create .bashrc file with this line if file does not already exist):

alias diffdir='git difftool --dir-diff'

Step 5 - Now you can quickly see a diff in WinMerge just by typing the following command into Git Bash

diffdir

I have a script that will set the Diff and Merge tools in the Git config with the proper parameters that doesn't require a separate .sh file to exist. It seems to be working fine for me.

git config --global diff.tool winmerge
git config --global difftool.prompt false
git config --global difftool.winmerge.cmd "\"\$PROGRAMFILES\"/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe -r -u -e -dl \"Local\" -dr \"Remote\" \"\$LOCAL\" \"\$REMOTE\""


git config --global merge.tool winmerge
git config --global mergetool.prompt false
git config --global mergetool.winmerge.trustExitCode true
git config --global mergetool.winmerge.cmd "\"\$PROGRAMFILES\"/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe -r -u -e -dl \"Local\" -dr \"Remote\" \"\$LOCAL\" \"\$REMOTE\" \"\$BASE\" \"\$MERGED\""

Note - the entire .cmd portion is quoted so that the parameters will be listed in the .gitconfig properly

On windows you can do it this way:

1) Open .gitconfig file. It's located at your home directory: c:\users\username.gitconfig

2) Add the lines below. Pay attention to the single quotes wrapping the path to winmerge:

[diff]
tool = winmerge
[difftool "winmerge"]
cmd = "'C:/Program Files (x86)/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe'" -e "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
[difftool]
prompt = false
[merge]
tool = winmerge
[mergetool "winmerge"]
cmd = "'C:/Program Files (x86)/WinMerge/WinMergeU.exe'" \"$MERGED\" \"$REMOTE\"
[mergetool]
keepBackup = false
trustExitCode = false

git config --global diff.tool winmerge
git config --global difftool.winmerge.cmd "\"$PROGRAMFILES\\WinMerge\\WinMergeU.exe\" -u -dl \"Local\" -dr \"Remote\" \"\$LOCAL\" \"\$REMOTE\""
git config --global difftool.prompt false

As per the WinMerge command line manual: "Parameters are prefixed with either a forward slash ( / ) or dash ( - ) character"

Without configuration:

git difftool --tool winmerge

Assuming:

• Winmerge is installed
• Git for windows is installed, from "git version 2.12.0.windows1" or above (although earlier versions of git may have introduced the command).

I can see lots of long and confusing answers here, so posting the simplified and minimal version which worked for me in 2021 on windows10

 git config diff.tool winmerge
git config --replace --global difftool.prompt false