如何焦油在所有子目录中的某些文件类型？

我想在一个目录及其子目录中包含 tar 和所有. php 和. html 文件

tar -cf my_archive *

它会毁掉所有的文件，这是我不想要的，如果我使用

tar -cf my_archive *.php *.html

它忽略子目录。我怎样才能使它递归焦油，但只包含两种类型的文件？

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最佳答案

find ./someDir -name "*.php" -o -name "*.html" | tar -cf my_archive -T -

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One method is:

tar -cf my_archive.tar $( find -name "*.php" -or -name "*.html" )

There are some caveats with this method however:

  1. It will fail if there are any files or directories with spaces in them, and
  2. it will fail if there are so many files that the maximum command line length is full.

A workaround to these could be to output the contents of the find command into a file, and then use the "-T, --files-from FILE" option to tar.

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This will handle paths with spaces:

find ./ -type f -name "*.php" -o -name "*.html" -exec tar uvf myarchives.tar {} +
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If you're using bash version > 4.0, you can exploit shopt -s globstar to make short work of this:

shopt -s globstar; tar -czvf deploy.tar.gz **/Alice*.yml **/Bob*.json

this will add all .yml files that starts with Alice from any sub-directory and add all .json files that starts with Bob from any sub-directory.

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Put them in a file

find . \( -name "*.php" -o -name "*.html" \) -print > files.txt

Then use the file as input to tar, use -I or -T depending on the version of tar you use

Use h to copy symbolic links

tar cfh my.tar -I files.txt
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find ./ -type f -name "*.php" -o -name "*.html" -printf '%P\n' |xargs tar -I 'pigz -9' -cf target.tgz

for multicore or just for one core:

find ./ -type f -name "*.php" -o -name "*.html" -printf '%P\n' |xargs tar -czf target.tgz

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Easy with zsh:

tar cvzf foo.tar.gz **/*.(php|html)
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If you want to produce a zipped tar file (.tgz) and want to avoid problems with spaces in filenames:

find . \( -name \*.php -o -name \*.html \) -print0 | xargs -0 tar -cvzf my_archive.tgz

The -print0 “primary” of find separates output filenames using the NULL (\0) byte, thus playing well with the -0 option of xargs.

The parentheses around the two -name primaries are needed, because otherwise the -print0 would only output the filenames of the second -name (there is no implied printing if -print or -print0 is present, and these only have an effect if they are evaluated).

If you need to skip some filenames or directories (e.g., the node_modules directory if you work with Node.js), prepend one or more -prune primaries like this:

find . -name skipThisName -prune -o \( -name \*.php -o -name \*.html \) -print0 | xargs -0 tar -cvzf my_archive.tgz

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