用 Python 运行外部程序(可执行文件) ？

我刚开始研究 Python，一直在尝试从 Python 运行一个外部可执行文件。

我有一个用 Fortran 编写的程序的可执行文件。假设可执行文件的名称是 flow. exe。我的可执行文件位于 C:\Documents and Settings\flow_model中。我尝试了 os.system 和 popen 命令，但到目前为止还不能使它工作。下面的代码看起来像是打开了命令窗口，但它不会执行模型。

# Import system modules
import sys, string, os, arcgisscripting
os.system("C:/Documents and Settings/flow_model/flow.exe")

我该怎么补救？

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小开

Is that trying to execute C:\Documents with arguments of "and", "Settings/flow_model/flow.exe"?

Also, you might consider subprocess.call().

小开

Try

import subprocess
subprocess.call(["C:/Documents and Settings/flow_model/flow.exe"])
小开

That's the correct usage, but perhaps the spaces in the path name are messing things up for some reason.

You may want to run the program under cmd.exe as well so you can see any output from flow.exe that might be indicating an error.

小开
最佳答案

Those whitespaces can really be a bother. Try os.chdir('C:/Documents\ and\ Settings/') followed by relative paths for os.system, subprocess methods, or whatever...

If best-effort attempts to bypass the whitespaces-in-path hurdle keep failing, then my next best suggestion is to avoid having blanks in your crucial paths. Couldn't you make a blanks-less directory, copy the crucial .exe file there, and try that? Are those havoc-wrecking space absolutely essential to your well-being...?

小开

I'd try inserting an 'r' in front of your path if I were you, to indicate that it's a raw string - and then you won't have to use forward slashes. For example:

os.system(r"C:\Documents and Settings\flow_model\flow.exe")
小开

Your usage is correct. I bet that your external program, flow.exe, needs to be executed in its directory, because it accesses some external files stored there.

So you might try:

import sys, string, os, arcgisscripting
os.chdir('c:\\documents and settings\\flow_model')
os.system('"C:\\Documents and Settings\\flow_model\\flow.exe"')

(Beware of the double quotes inside the single quotes...)

小开

If it were me, I'd put the EXE file in the root directory (C:) and see if it works like that. If so, it's probably the (already mentioned) spaces in the directory name. If not, it may be some environment variables.

Also, try to check you stderr (using an earlier answer by int3):

import subprocess
process = subprocess.Popen(["C:/Documents and Settings/flow_model/flow.exe"], \
stderr = subprocess.PIPE)
if process.stderr:
print process.stderr.readlines()

The code might not be entirely correct as I usually don't use Popen or Windows, but should give the idea. It might well be that the error message is on the error stream.

小开

The simplest way is:

import os
os.startfile("C:\Documents and Settings\flow_model\flow.exe")

It works; I tried it.

小开

If using Python 2.7 or higher (especially prior to Python 3.5) you can use the following:

import subprocess
  • Runs the command described by args. Waits for command to complete, then returns the returncode attribute.
  • Runs command with arguments. Waits for command to complete. If the return code was zero then returns, otherwise raises CalledProcessError. The CalledProcessError object will have the return code in the returncode attribute

Example: subprocess.check_call([r"C:\pathToYourProgram\yourProgram.exe", "your", "arguments", "comma", "separated"])

In regular Python strings, the \U character combination signals a extended Unicode code point escape.

Here is the link to the documentation: http://docs.python.org/3.2/library/subprocess.html

For Python 3.5+ you can now use run() in many cases: https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.run

小开

Use subprocess, it is a smaller module so it runs the .exe quicker.

import subprocess
subprocess.Popen([r"U:\Year 8\kerbal space program\KSP.exe"])
小开

By using os.system:

import os
os.system(r'"C:/Documents and Settings/flow_model/flow.exe"')
小开

for the above question this solution works.

just change the path to where your executable file is located. 

import sys, string, os


os.chdir('C:\\Downloads\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\\bin64')


os.system("C:\\Downloads\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\bin64\\flowwork.exe")




'''import sys, string, os


os.chdir('C:\\Downloads\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\\bin64')


os.system(r"C:\\Downloads\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\\xpdf-tools-win-4.00\bin64\\pdftopng.exe test1.pdf rootimage")'''

Here test1.pdf rootimage is for my code .

小开 
import os
path = "C:/Documents and Settings/flow_model/"
os.chdir(path)
os.system("flow.exe")

Note added by barlop

A commenter asked why this works. Here is why.

The OP's problem is os.system("...") doesn't work properly when there is a space in the path. (Note os.system can work with ('"...."') but anyhow)

Had the OP tried their program from a cmd prompt they'd have seen the error clearly.

C:\carp>type blah.py
import  os
os.system(R"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe")
    

C:\carp>python blah.py
'C:\Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
    

C:\carp>

So it's fine for os.system("calc.exe") (there calc.exe is in the path environment variable). Or for os.system(R"c:\windows\system32\calc.exe"). There's no space in that path.

C:\>md "aa bb cc"


C:\>copy c:\windows\system32\calc.exe "c:\aa bb cc\cccalc.exe"
1 file(s) copied.

This works (Given file "c:\aa bb cc\cccalc.exe" )

import  os
os.chdir(R"c:\aa bb cc")
os.system("cccalc.exe")

Other options are subprocess.run and subprocess.popen.

小开

There are loads of different solutions, and the results will strongly depend on:

  • the OS you are using: Windows, Cygwin, Linux, MacOS
  • the python version you are using: Python2 or Python3x

As I have discovered some things that are claimed to work only in Windows, doesn't, probably because I happen to use Cygwin which is outsmarting the OS way to deal with Windows paths. Other things only work in pure *nix based OS's or in Python2 or 3.

Here are my findings:

  • Generally speaking, os.system() is the most forgiving method.
  • os.startfile() is the least forgiving. (Windows only && if you're lucky)
  • subprocess.Popen([...]) not recommended
  • subprocess.run(winView, shell=True) the recommended way!
  • Remembering that using subprocess for anything may pose a security risk.

Try these:

import os, subprocess
...
winView = '/cygdrive/c/Windows/explorer.exe %s' % somefile
...
# chose one of these:
os.system(winView)
subprocess.Popen(['/cygdrive/c/Windows/explorer.exe', 'somefile.png'])
subprocess.run(winView, shell=True)

Q: Why would you want to use explorer in Windows?

A: Because if you just want to look at the results of some new file, explorer will automatically open the file with whatever default windows program you have set for that file type. So no need to re-specify the default program to use.

小开

in python 2.6 use string enclosed inside quotation " and apostrophe ' marks. Also a change single / to double //. Your working example will look like this:

import os
os.system("'C://Documents and Settings//flow_model//flow.exe'")

Also You can use any parameters if Your program ingest them.

os.system('C://"Program Files (x86)"//Maxima-gcl-5.37.3//gnuplot//bin//gnuplot -e "plot [-10:10] sin(x),atan(x),cos(atan(x)); pause mouse"')

finally You can use string variable, as an example is plotting using gnuplot directly from python:

this_program='C://"Program Files (x86)"//Maxima-gcl-5.37.3//gnuplot//bin//gnuplot'


this_par='-e "set polar; plot [-2*pi:2*pi] [-3:3] [-3:3] t*sin(t); pause -1"'
os.system(this_program+" "+this_par)

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