数值错误: numpy.dtype 的大小错误，请尝试重新编译

我刚刚在我的 python 2.7上安装了熊猫和 statsmodel 包 当我尝试“ import anda as pd”时，出现了这个错误消息。 有人能帮忙吗? 谢谢! ! ！

numpy.dtype has the wrong size, try recompiling
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\analytics\ext\python27\lib\site-packages\statsmodels-0.5.0-py2.7-win32.egg\statsmodels\formula\__init__.py",
line 4, in <module>
from formulatools import handle_formula_data
File "C:\analytics\ext\python27\lib\site-packages\statsmodels-0.5.0-py2.7-win32.egg\statsmodels\formula\formulatools.p
y", line 1, in <module>
import statsmodels.tools.data as data_util
File "C:\analytics\ext\python27\lib\site-packages\statsmodels-0.5.0-py2.7-win32.egg\statsmodels\tools\__init__.py", li
ne 1, in <module>
from tools import add_constant, categorical
File "C:\analytics\ext\python27\lib\site-packages\statsmodels-0.5.0-py2.7-win32.egg\statsmodels\tools\tools.py", line
14, in <module>
from pandas import DataFrame
File "C:\analytics\ext\python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
from . import hashtable, tslib, lib
File "numpy.pxd", line 157, in init pandas.tslib (pandas\tslib.c:49133)
ValueError: numpy.dtype has the wrong size, try recompiling
88323 次浏览
小开

(to expand a bit on my comment)

Numpy developers follow in general a policy of keeping a backward compatible binary interface (ABI). However, the ABI is not forward compatible.

What that means:

A package, that uses numpy in a compiled extension, is compiled against a specific version of numpy. Future version of numpy will be compatible with the compiled extension of the package (for exception see below). Distributers of those other packages do not need to recompile their package against a newer versions of numpy and users do not need to update these other packages, when users update to a newer version of numpy.

However, this does not go in the other direction. If a package is compiled against a specific numpy version, say 1.7, then there is no guarantee that the binaries of that package will work with older numpy versions, say 1.6, and very often or most of the time they will not.

The binary distribution of packages like pandas and statsmodels, that are compiled against a recent version of numpy, will not work when an older version of numpy is installed. Some packages, for example matplotlib, if I remember correctly, compile their extensions against the oldest numpy version that they support. In this case, users with the same old or any more recent version of numpy can use those binaries.

The error message in the question is a typical result of binary incompatibilities.

The solution is to get a binary compatible version, either by updating numpy to at least the version against which pandas or statsmodels were compiled, or to recompile pandas and statsmodels against the older version of numpy that is already installed.

Breaking the ABI backward compatibility:

Sometimes improvements or refactorings in numpy break ABI backward compatibility. This happened (unintentionally) with numpy 1.4.0. As a consequence, users that updated numpy to 1.4.0, had binary incompatibilities with all other compiled packages, that were compiled against a previous version of numpy. This requires that all packages with binary extensions that use numpy have to be recompiled to work with the ABI incompatible version.

小开

I had a similar error with another library and realized that I had several versions of numpy installed on my system. The fix for me was to edit my PYTHONPATH and put the site-packages that contained the latest version of numpy in first position.

小开

I also encounter this error when use pandas to access MYSQL. This error message indicates a binary compatible issue and can be resolved by using latest version of pandas and numpy package. Here is my steps to resolve this issue, and it works well on my Ubuntu 12.04:

cd /tmp/
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pandas/pandas-0.12.0.tar.gz
tar xzvf pandas-0.12.0.tar.gz
cd pandas-0.12.0
easy_install --upgrade numpy
小开

In my case, I had installed pandas-0.10.0.win-amd64-py2.7 but was checking to see if a bug had been fixed in a more recent version of pandas. So I did an easy_install -U to force the upgrade, but then got the above error due to some incompatibilities with numpy etc... when I did 

import pandas

To fix, I just reinstalled the pandas-0.10.0.win-amd64-py2.7 binary and everything works. I didn't see this answer (suggests to use pip) which may have helped me (though not sure) Install particular version with easy_install

Also this highlights why one should use virtualenv (which I wasn't).

小开

For me (Mac OS X Mavericks) it worked to install the version for python2.6:

sudo port install py26-scikit-learn

then run:

python2.6 myscript.py
小开

The problem I solved on Webfaction was old numpy library(1.5) which was in conflict with my fresh

pip install pandas

installation in .virtualenv.

The problem was solved after I did pip install pandas out of the virtual environment. The idea came from discussion on https://github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/3711, thanks, cpcloud!

小开

For me (Mac OS X Maverics, Python 2.7)

easy_install --upgrade numpy

helped. After this you can install up-to-date packages pandas, scikit-learn, e.t.c. using pip:

pip install pandas
小开

I just meet this 'ValueError' issue and have addressed it. Definitely there's something wrong with numpy package.

But when I try to pip install --upgrade numpy it failed, so I uninstall and download the newest numpy.zip file. Then manually uncompress and python setup.py install it.

Luckly, it works!

小开

I found it to be a simple version being outdated or mismatch and was fixed with: 

pip install --upgrade numpy
pip install --upgrade scipy
pip install --upgrade pandas

Or might work with the one liner:

pip install --upgrade numpy scipy pandas
小开

As in here, for me only sudo pip install pandas==0.13.1 worked

小开

Like @user333700 said, required versions of libraries may not meet for each other. You get one library as another's dependency. Then without knowing it was already installed as dependency, you need that specific library and you install one version. With such ways dependencies may mess up.

I lived such a case and looked for a solution. Found this: https://stackoverflow.com/a/12975518/1694344

I had two different versions for egg-info file and folder name of numpy:

drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root   4096 Sep 25 15:00 numpy
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Sep 22 11:25 numpy-1.13.1.dist-info
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   1630 Nov 20  2015 numpy-1.7.1-py2.7.egg-info

I removed them all and reinstalled numpy with pip.

小开

There are cases where you want to keep a specific NumPy version and the upgrade option mentioned here will not work. An example that occurred to me was the Python distribution preinstalled with ArcGIS. For ArcPy to work in ArcGIS 10.5.1, that distribution needs to be Python 2.7.12 with NumPy 1.9.3 and any other version of NumPy is probably going to cause issues with your ArcPy functionality.

What you can do with this case is try to install a specific, older version of the problematic third-party library that is supposed to be compatible with the older NumPy version that ArcGIS has.

For instance, scikit-learn 0.19.1 would NOT operate with NumPy 1.9.3 and would result in the same error you mentioned. However, scikit-learn 0.15 works fine. You can test different versions to find the one that works. Just mention the version number through pip:

python -m pip install scikit-learn==0.15
小开

I had a similar issue, and simply re-installing using pip install ... as suggested in previous comments didn't work.

What worked for me was re-installing with the added flag pip install --no-cache-dir ..., seems there was an incompatible numpy version somewhere in the cache.


提交答案