Python/Django: 如何断言单元测试结果包含某个字符串？

在 python 单元测试(实际上是 Django)中，正确的 assert语句是什么，它将告诉我测试结果是否包含我选择的字符串？

self.assertContainsTheString(result, {"car" : ["toyota","honda"]})

我希望确保我的 result至少包含我在上面第二个参数中指定的 json 对象(或字符串)

{"car" : ["toyota","honda"]}
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Build a JSON object using json.dumps().

Then compare them using assertEqual(result, your_json_dict)

import json


expected_dict = {"car":["toyota", "honda"]}
expected_dict_json = json.dumps(expected_dict)


self.assertEqual(result, expected_dict_json)
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最佳答案 
self.assertContains(result, "abcd")

You can modify it to work with json.

Use self.assertContains only for HttpResponse objects. For other objects, use self.assertIn.

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You can write assertion about expected part of string in another string with a simple assertTrue + in python keyword :

self.assertTrue("expected_part_of_string" in my_longer_string)
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To assert if a string is or is not a substring of another, you should use assertIn and assertNotIn:

# Passes
self.assertIn('bcd', 'abcde')


# AssertionError: 'bcd' unexpectedly found in 'abcde'
self.assertNotIn('bcd', 'abcde')

These are new since Python 2.7 and Python 3.1

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As mentioned by Ed I, assertIn is probably the simplest answer to finding one string in another. However, the question states:

I want to make sure that my result contains at least the json object (or string) that I specified as the second argument above,i.e., {"car" : ["toyota","honda"]}

Therefore I would use multiple assertions so that helpful messages are received on failure - tests will have to be understood and maintained in the future, potentially by someone that didn't write them originally. Therefore assuming we're inside a django.test.TestCase:

# Check that `car` is a key in `result`
self.assertIn('car', result)
# Compare the `car` to what's expected (assuming that order matters)
self.assertEqual(result['car'], ['toyota', 'honda'])

Which gives helpful messages as follows:

# If 'car' isn't in the result:
AssertionError: 'car' not found in {'context': ..., 'etc':... }
# If 'car' entry doesn't match:
AssertionError: Lists differ: ['toyota', 'honda'] != ['honda', 'volvo']


First differing element 0:
toyota
honda


- ['toyota', 'honda']
+ ['honda', 'volvo']

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