在 django 项目中放置模板的最佳位置是什么？

From the Django book, chapter 4:

If you can’t think of an obvious place to put your templates, we recommend creating a templates directory within your Django project (i.e., within the mysite directory you created in Chapter 2, if you’ve been following along with our examples).

This is exactly what I do, and has worked great for me.

My directory structure looks something like this:

/media for all my CSS/JS/images etc
/templates for my templates
/projectname for the main project code (i.e. the Python code)

This is more a personal choice at the project-level. If you are talking about apps that need to be pluggable, then a templates directory in your app is the place where they go default. But project-wide, it is what works best for you.

You could also consider having your templates in a database, using django-dbtemplates. It is also setup for caching, and the django-reversion application which helps you keep old versions of your templates around.

It works quite well, but I'd prefer a little more flexibility on the import/sync to/from filesystem side.

[edit: 20 Aug 2018 - this repository is no available, one with the same name is available at https://github.com/jazzband/django-dbtemplates and was updated 8 months ago. I no longer use Django in any meaningful way, so can't vouch for this.]

Placed in <PROJECT>/<APP>/templates/<APP>/template.html for app-specific templates to help with making the app reusable elsewhere.

For general "global" templates I put them in <PROJECT>/templates/template.html

Following up from Dominic and dlrust,

We use a setuptools source distribution (sdist) to package our django project and apps to deploy in our different environments.

We have found that the templates and static files need to be under the django application directories so that they can be packaged up by setuptools.

For example, our template and static paths look like:

PROJECT/APP/templates/APP/template.html
PROJECT/APP/static/APP/my.js

For this to work, the MANIFEST.in needs to be modified (see http://docs.python.org/distutils/sourcedist.html#the-manifest-in-template)

An example of the MANIFEST.in:

include setup.py
recursive-include PROJECT *.txt *.html *.js
recursive-include PROJECT *.css *.js *.png *.gif *.bmp *.ico *.jpg *.jpeg

Also, you need to confirm in your django settings file that the app_directories loader is in your TEMPLATE_LOADERS. I think it's there by default in django 1.4.

An example of the django settings template loaders:

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
)

Just in case you are wondering why we use sdists instead of just coping rsync files; it's part of our configuration management workflow where we have a single build tarball that is deployed with PIP unchanged into test, acceptance and production environments.

I understood TEMPLATE_DIRS requires an absolute path. And I don't like absolute paths in my code. So this is working well for me, in settings.py:

import os


TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)),
"../APPNAME/templates")
)

Previous solution didn't work in my case. I used:

TEMPLATE_DIRS = [ os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)),"../myapp/templates") ]

Django 1.10

TEMPLATE_DIRS is deprecated.

Now we need to use TEMPLATE, introducing in Django 1.8 like this:

TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
# ... some options here ...
},
},
]

Once you have defined TEMPLATES, you can safely remove ALLOWED_INCLUDE_ROOTS, TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS, TEMPLATE_DEBUG, TEMPLATE_DIRS, TEMPLATE_LOADERS, and TEMPLATE_STRING_IF_INVALID.

About the best location, Django looking for template like this :

• DIRS defines a list of directories where the engine should look for template source files, in search order.
• APP_DIRS tells whether the engine should look for templates inside installed applications. Each backend defines a conventional name for the subdirectory inside applications where its templates should be stored.

More information : https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/templates/#configuration

DJANGO 1.11

add templates folder where the manage.py exist,which is your base directory. change the DIRS for TEMPLATES as following in your settings.py

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},

]

Now to use the template by using the code ,

def home(request):
return render(request,"index.html",{})

in views.py. this works completely fine for django 1.11