如何将数据库行转换为结构

Here's one way to do it - just assign all of the struct values manually in the Scan function.

func getUser(name string) (*User, error) {
var u User
// this calls sql.Open, etc.
db := getConnection()
// note the below syntax only works for postgres
err := db.QueryRow("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = $1", name).Scan(&u.Id, &u.Name, &u.Score)
if err != nil {
return &User{}, err
} else {
return &u, nil
}
}

Go package tests often provide clues as to ways of doing things. For example, from database/sql/sql_test.go,

func TestQuery(t *testing.T) {
/* . . . */
rows, err := db.Query("SELECT|people|age,name|")
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Query: %v", err)
}
type row struct {
age  int
name string
}
got := []row{}
for rows.Next() {
var r row
err = rows.Scan(&r.age, &r.name)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Scan: %v", err)
}
got = append(got, r)
}
/* . . . */
}


func TestQueryRow(t *testing.T) {
/* . . . */
var name string
var age int
var birthday time.Time
err := db.QueryRow("SELECT|people|age,name|age=?", 3).Scan(&age)
/* . . . */
}

Which, for your question, querying a row into a structure, would translate to something like:

var row struct {
age  int
name string
}
err = db.QueryRow("SELECT|people|age,name|age=?", 3).Scan(&row.age, &row.name)

I know that looks similar to your solution, but it's important to show how to find a solution.

there's package just for that: sqlstruct

unfortunately, last time I checked it did not support embedded structs (which are trivial to implement yourself - i had a working prototype in a few hours).

just committed the changes I made to sqlstruct

I recommend github.com/jmoiron/sqlx.

From the README:

sqlx is a library which provides a set of extensions on go's standard database/sql library. The sqlx versions of sql.DB, sql.TX, sql.Stmt, et al. all leave the underlying interfaces untouched, so that their interfaces are a superset on the standard ones. This makes it relatively painless to integrate existing codebases using database/sql with sqlx.

Major additional concepts are:

• Marshal rows into structs (with embedded struct support), maps, and slices
• Named parameter support including prepared statements
• Get and Select to go quickly from query to struct/slice

The README also includes a code snippet demonstrating scanning a row into a struct:

type Place struct {
Country       string
City          sql.NullString
TelephoneCode int `db:"telcode"`
}
// Loop through rows using only one struct
place := Place{}
rows, err := db.Queryx("SELECT * FROM place")
for rows.Next() {
err := rows.StructScan(&place)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%#v\n", place)
}

Note that we didn't have to manually map each column to a field of the struct. sqlx has some default mappings for struct fields to database columns, as well as being able to specify database columns using tags (note the TelephoneCode field of the Place struct above). You can read more about that in the documentation.

rows, err := connection.Query("SELECT `id`, `username`, `email` FROM `users`")


if err != nil {
panic(err.Error())
}


for rows.Next() {
var user User


if err := rows.Scan(&user.Id, &user.Username, &user.Email); err != nil {
log.Println(err.Error())
}


users = append(users, user)
}

Full example

use : go-models-mysql sqlbuilder

val, err = m.ScanRowType(row, (*UserTb)(nil))

or the full code

import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"


lib "github.com/eehsiao/go-models-lib"
mysql "github.com/eehsiao/go-models-mysql"
)


// MyUserDao : extend from mysql.Dao
type MyUserDao struct {
*mysql.Dao
}


// UserTb : sql table struct that to store into mysql
type UserTb struct {
Name       sql.NullString `TbField:"Name"`
Id         int            `TbField:"Id"`
Score      int            `TbField:"Score"`
}


// GetFirstUser : this is a data logical function, you can write more logical in there
// sample data logical function to get the first user
func (m *MyUserDao) GetFirstUser() (user *User, err error) {


m.Select("Name", "Id", "Score").From("user").Limit(1)
fmt.Println("GetFirstUser", m.BuildSelectSQL().BuildedSQL())
var (
val interface{}
row *sql.Row
)


if row, err = m.GetRow(); err == nil {
if val, err = m.ScanRowType(row, (*UserTb)(nil)); err == nil {
u, _ := val.(*UserTb)


user = &User{
Name:       lib.Iif(u.Name.Valid, u.Nae.String, "").(string),
Id:         u.Id,
Score:      u.Score,
}
}
}
row, val = nil, nil


return
}

Here is a library just for that: scany.

You can use it like that:

type User struct {
Name  string
Id    int
Score int
}


// db is your *sql.DB instance
// ctx is your current context.Context instance


// Use sqlscan.Select to query multiple records.
var users []*User
sqlscan.Select(ctx, db, &users, `SELECT name, id, score FROM users`)


// Use sqlscan.Get to query exactly one record.
var user User
sqlscan.Get(ctx, db, &user, `SELECT name, id, score FROM users WHERE id=123`)

It's well documented and easy to work with.

Disclaimer: I am the author of this library.