Why your code does not work?

The where method returns an ActiveRecord::Relation object (acts like an array which contains the results of the where), it can be empty but it will never be nil.

Business.where(id: -1)
#=> returns an empty ActiveRecord::Relation ( similar to an array )
Business.where(id: -1).nil? # ( similar to == nil? )
#=> returns false
Business.where(id: -1).empty? # test if the array is empty ( similar to .blank? )
#=> returns true

How to test if at least one record exists?

Option 1: Using .exists?

if Business.exists?(user_id: current_user.id)
# same as Business.where(user_id: current_user.id).exists?
# ...
else
# ...
end

Option 2: Using .present? (or .blank?, the opposite of .present?)

if Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id).present?
# less efficiant than using .exists? (see generated SQL for .exists? vs .present?)
else
# ...
end

Option 3: Variable assignment in the if statement

if business = Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id).first
business.do_some_stuff
else
# do something else
end

This option can be considered a code smell by some linters (Rubocop for example).

Option 3b: Variable assignment

business = Business.where(user_id: current_user.id).first
if business
# ...
else
# ...
end

You can also use .find_by_user_id(current_user.id) instead of .where(...).first

Best option:

• If you don't use the Business object(s): Option 1
• If you need to use the Business object(s): Option 3

ActiveRecord#where will return an ActiveRecord::Relation object (which will never be nil). Try using .empty? on the relation to test if it will return any records.

When you call Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id) you will get an array. This Array may have no objects or one or many objects in it, but it won't be null. Thus the check == nil will never be true.

You can try the following:

if Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id).count == 0

So you check the number of elements in the array and compare them to zero.

or you can try:

if Business.find_by_user_id(current_user.id).nil?

this will return one or nil.

In this case I like to use the exists? method provided by ActiveRecord:

Business.exists? user_id: current_user.id

with 'exists?':

Business.exists? user_id: current_user.id #=> 1 or nil

with 'any?':

Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id).any? #=> true or false

If you use something with .where, be sure to avoid trouble with scopes and better use .unscoped

Business.unscoped.where(:user_id => current_user.id).any?

business = Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id).first
if business.nil?
# no business found
else
# business.ceo = "me"
end

I would do it this way if you needed an instance variable of the object to work with:

if @business = Business.where(:user_id => current_user.id).first
#Do stuff
else
#Do stuff
end

Something new to try (:

Assign a variable or return

return unless @business = Business.where(user_id: current_user.id).first

Method would exit at this point if there are no businesses found with current user's ID, or assigns instance variable @business to the first business object.