Matplotlib: 组箱形图

小开

最佳答案

How about using colors to differentiate between "apples" and "oranges" and spacing to separate "A", "B" and "C"?

Something like this:

from pylab import plot, show, savefig, xlim, figure, \
hold, ylim, legend, boxplot, setp, axes


# function for setting the colors of the box plots pairs
def setBoxColors(bp):
setp(bp['boxes'][0], color='blue')
setp(bp['caps'][0], color='blue')
setp(bp['caps'][1], color='blue')
setp(bp['whiskers'][0], color='blue')
setp(bp['whiskers'][1], color='blue')
setp(bp['fliers'][0], color='blue')
setp(bp['fliers'][1], color='blue')
setp(bp['medians'][0], color='blue')


setp(bp['boxes'][1], color='red')
setp(bp['caps'][2], color='red')
setp(bp['caps'][3], color='red')
setp(bp['whiskers'][2], color='red')
setp(bp['whiskers'][3], color='red')
setp(bp['fliers'][2], color='red')
setp(bp['fliers'][3], color='red')
setp(bp['medians'][1], color='red')


# Some fake data to plot
A= [[1, 2, 5,],  [7, 2]]
B = [[5, 7, 2, 2, 5], [7, 2, 5]]
C = [[3,2,5,7], [6, 7, 3]]


fig = figure()
ax = axes()
hold(True)


# first boxplot pair
bp = boxplot(A, positions = [1, 2], widths = 0.6)
setBoxColors(bp)


# second boxplot pair
bp = boxplot(B, positions = [4, 5], widths = 0.6)
setBoxColors(bp)


# thrid boxplot pair
bp = boxplot(C, positions = [7, 8], widths = 0.6)
setBoxColors(bp)


# set axes limits and labels
xlim(0,9)
ylim(0,9)
ax.set_xticklabels(['A', 'B', 'C'])
ax.set_xticks([1.5, 4.5, 7.5])


# draw temporary red and blue lines and use them to create a legend
hB, = plot([1,1],'b-')
hR, = plot([1,1],'r-')
legend((hB, hR),('Apples', 'Oranges'))
hB.set_visible(False)
hR.set_visible(False)


savefig('boxcompare.png')
show()

grouped box plot

小开

A simple way would be to use pandas. I adapted an example from the plotting documentation:

In [1]: import pandas as pd, numpy as np


In [2]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(12,2), columns=['Apples', 'Oranges'] )


In [3]: df['Categories'] = pd.Series(list('AAAABBBBCCCC'))


In [4]: pd.options.display.mpl_style = 'default'


In [5]: df.boxplot(by='Categories')
Out[5]:
array([<matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot object at 0x51a5190>,
<matplotlib.axes.AxesSubplot object at 0x53fddd0>], dtype=object)

pandas boxplot

小开

Here is my version. It stores data based on categories.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


data_a = [[1,2,5], [5,7,2,2,5], [7,2,5]]
data_b = [[6,4,2], [1,2,5,3,2], [2,3,5,1]]


ticks = ['A', 'B', 'C']


def set_box_color(bp, color):
plt.setp(bp['boxes'], color=color)
plt.setp(bp['whiskers'], color=color)
plt.setp(bp['caps'], color=color)
plt.setp(bp['medians'], color=color)


plt.figure()


bpl = plt.boxplot(data_a, positions=np.array(xrange(len(data_a)))*2.0-0.4, sym='', widths=0.6)
bpr = plt.boxplot(data_b, positions=np.array(xrange(len(data_b)))*2.0+0.4, sym='', widths=0.6)
set_box_color(bpl, '#D7191C') # colors are from http://colorbrewer2.org/
set_box_color(bpr, '#2C7BB6')


# draw temporary red and blue lines and use them to create a legend
plt.plot([], c='#D7191C', label='Apples')
plt.plot([], c='#2C7BB6', label='Oranges')
plt.legend()


plt.xticks(xrange(0, len(ticks) * 2, 2), ticks)
plt.xlim(-2, len(ticks)*2)
plt.ylim(0, 8)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('boxcompare.png')

I am short of reputation so I cannot post an image to here. You can run it and see the result. Basically it's very similar to what Molly did.

Note that, depending on the version of python you are using, you may need to replace xrange with range

小开

Here's a function I wrote that takes Molly's code and some other code I've found on the internet to make slightly fancier grouped boxplots:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def custom_legend(colors, labels, linestyles=None):
""" Creates a list of matplotlib Patch objects that can be passed to the legend(...) function to create a custom
legend.


:param colors: A list of colors, one for each entry in the legend. You can also include a linestyle, for example: 'k--'
:param labels:  A list of labels, one for each entry in the legend.
"""


if linestyles is not None:
assert len(linestyles) == len(colors), "Length of linestyles must match length of colors."


h = list()
for k,(c,l) in enumerate(zip(colors, labels)):
clr = c
ls = 'solid'
if linestyles is not None:
ls = linestyles[k]
patch = patches.Patch(color=clr, label=l, linestyle=ls)
h.append(patch)
return h




def grouped_boxplot(data, group_names=None, subgroup_names=None, ax=None, subgroup_colors=None,
box_width=0.6, box_spacing=1.0):
""" Draws a grouped boxplot. The data should be organized in a hierarchy, where there are multiple
subgroups for each main group.


:param data: A dictionary of length equal to the number of the groups. The key should be the
group name, the value should be a list of arrays. The length of the list should be
equal to the number of subgroups.
:param group_names: (Optional) The group names, should be the same as data.keys(), but can be ordered.
:param subgroup_names: (Optional) Names of the subgroups.
:param subgroup_colors: A list specifying the plot color for each subgroup.
:param ax: (Optional) The axis to plot on.
"""


if group_names is None:
group_names = data.keys()


if ax is None:
ax = plt.gca()
plt.sca(ax)


nsubgroups = np.array([len(v) for v in data.values()])
assert len(np.unique(nsubgroups)) == 1, "Number of subgroups for each property differ!"
nsubgroups = nsubgroups[0]


if subgroup_colors is None:
subgroup_colors = list()
for k in range(nsubgroups):
subgroup_colors.append(np.random.rand(3))
else:
assert len(subgroup_colors) == nsubgroups, "subgroup_colors length must match number of subgroups (%d)" % nsubgroups


def _decorate_box(_bp, _d):
plt.setp(_bp['boxes'], lw=0, color='k')
plt.setp(_bp['whiskers'], lw=3.0, color='k')


# fill in each box with a color
assert len(_bp['boxes']) == nsubgroups
for _k,_box in enumerate(_bp['boxes']):
_boxX = list()
_boxY = list()
for _j in range(5):
_boxX.append(_box.get_xdata()[_j])
_boxY.append(_box.get_ydata()[_j])
_boxCoords = zip(_boxX, _boxY)
_boxPolygon = plt.Polygon(_boxCoords, facecolor=subgroup_colors[_k])
ax.add_patch(_boxPolygon)


# draw a black line for the median
for _k,_med in enumerate(_bp['medians']):
_medianX = list()
_medianY = list()
for _j in range(2):
_medianX.append(_med.get_xdata()[_j])
_medianY.append(_med.get_ydata()[_j])
plt.plot(_medianX, _medianY, 'k', linewidth=3.0)


# draw a black asterisk for the mean
plt.plot([np.mean(_med.get_xdata())], [np.mean(_d[_k])], color='w', marker='*',
markeredgecolor='k', markersize=12)


cpos = 1
label_pos = list()
for k in group_names:
d = data[k]
nsubgroups = len(d)
pos = np.arange(nsubgroups) + cpos
label_pos.append(pos.mean())
bp = plt.boxplot(d, positions=pos, widths=box_width)
_decorate_box(bp, d)
cpos += nsubgroups + box_spacing


plt.xlim(0, cpos-1)
plt.xticks(label_pos, group_names)


if subgroup_names is not None:
leg = custom_legend(subgroup_colors, subgroup_names)
plt.legend(handles=leg)

You can use the function(s) like this:

data = { 'A':[np.random.randn(100), np.random.randn(100) + 5],
'B':[np.random.randn(100)+1, np.random.randn(100) + 9],
'C':[np.random.randn(100)-3, np.random.randn(100) -5]
}


grouped_boxplot(data, group_names=['A', 'B', 'C'], subgroup_names=['Apples', 'Oranges'], subgroup_colors=['#D02D2E', '#D67700'])
plt.show()

小开

Just to add to the conversation, I have found a more elegant way to change the color of the box plot by iterating over the dictionary of the object itself

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def color_box(bp, color):


# Define the elements to color. You can also add medians, fliers and means
elements = ['boxes','caps','whiskers']


# Iterate over each of the elements changing the color
for elem in elements:
[plt.setp(bp[elem][idx], color=color) for idx in xrange(len(bp[elem]))]
return


a = np.random.uniform(0,10,[100,5])


bp = plt.boxplot(a)
color_box(bp, 'red')

Cheers!

小开

Mock data:

df = pd.DataFrame({'Group':['A','A','A','B','C','B','B','C','A','C'],\
'Apple':np.random.rand(10),'Orange':np.random.rand(10)})
df = df[['Group','Apple','Orange']]


Group    Apple     Orange
0      A  0.465636  0.537723
1      A  0.560537  0.727238
2      A  0.268154  0.648927
3      B  0.722644  0.115550
4      C  0.586346  0.042896
5      B  0.562881  0.369686
6      B  0.395236  0.672477
7      C  0.577949  0.358801
8      A  0.764069  0.642724
9      C  0.731076  0.302369

You can use the Seaborn library for these plots. First melt the dataframe to format data and then create the boxplot of your choice.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
dd=pd.melt(df,id_vars=['Group'],value_vars=['Apple','Orange'],var_name='fruits')
sns.boxplot(x='Group',y='value',data=dd,hue='fruits')

小开

Grouped boxplots, towards subtle academic publication styling... (source)

(Left) Python 2.7.12 Matplotlib v1.5.3. (Right) Python 3.7.3. Matplotlib v3.1.0.

Code:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# --- Your data, e.g. results per algorithm:
data1 = [5,5,4,3,3,5]
data2 = [6,6,4,6,8,5]
data3 = [7,8,4,5,8,2]
data4 = [6,9,3,6,8,4]


# --- Combining your data:
data_group1 = [data1, data2]
data_group2 = [data3, data4]


# --- Labels for your data:
labels_list = ['a','b']
xlocations  = range(len(data_group1))
width       = 0.3
symbol      = 'r+'
ymin        = 0
ymax        = 10


ax = plt.gca()
ax.set_ylim(ymin,ymax)
ax.set_xticklabels( labels_list, rotation=0 )
ax.grid(True, linestyle='dotted')
ax.set_axisbelow(True)
ax.set_xticks(xlocations)
plt.xlabel('X axis label')
plt.ylabel('Y axis label')
plt.title('title')


# --- Offset the positions per group:
positions_group1 = [x-(width+0.01) for x in xlocations]
positions_group2 = xlocations


plt.boxplot(data_group1,
sym=symbol,
labels=['']*len(labels_list),
positions=positions_group1,
widths=width,
#           notch=False,
#           vert=True,
#           whis=1.5,
#           bootstrap=None,
#           usermedians=None,
#           conf_intervals=None,
#           patch_artist=False,
)


plt.boxplot(data_group2,
labels=labels_list,
sym=symbol,
positions=positions_group2,
widths=width,
#           notch=False,
#           vert=True,
#           whis=1.5,
#           bootstrap=None,
#           usermedians=None,
#           conf_intervals=None,
#           patch_artist=False,
)


plt.savefig('boxplot_grouped.png')
plt.savefig('boxplot_grouped.pdf')    # when publishing, use high quality PDFs
#plt.show()                   # uncomment to show the plot.

小开

The accepted answer uses pylab and works for 2 groups. What if we have more?

Here is the flexible generic solution with matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as pl


# there are 4 individuals, each one tested under 3 different settings


# --- Random data, e.g. results per algorithm:


# Invidual 1
d1_1 = [1,1,2,2,3,3]
d1_2 = [3,3,4,4,5,5]
d1_3 = [5,5,6,6,7,7]


# Individual 2
d2_1 = [7,7,8,8,9,9]
d2_2 = [9,9,10,10,11,11]
d2_3 = [11,11,12,12,13,13]


# Individual 3
d3_1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
d3_2 = [4,5,6,7,8,9]
d3_3 = [10,11,12,13,14,15]


# Individual 4
d4_1 = [1,1,2,2,3,3]
d4_2 = [9,9,10,10,11,11]
d4_3 = [10,11,12,13,14,15]




# --- Combining your data:
data_group1 = [d1_1, d1_2, d1_3]
data_group2 = [d2_1, d2_2, d2_3]
data_group3 = [d3_1, d3_2, d3_3]
data_group4 = [d4_1, d4_2, d4_3]


colors = ['pink', 'lightblue', 'lightgreen', 'violet']


# we compare the performances of the 4 individuals within the same set of 3 settings
data_groups = [data_group1, data_group2, data_group3, data_group4]


# --- Labels for your data:
labels_list = ['a','b', 'c']
width       = 1/len(labels_list)
xlocations  = [ x*((1+ len(data_groups))*width) for x in range(len(data_group1)) ]


symbol      = 'r+'
ymin        = min ( [ val  for dg in data_groups  for data in dg for val in data ] )
ymax        = max ( [ val  for dg in data_groups  for data in dg for val in data ])


ax = pl.gca()
ax.set_ylim(ymin,ymax)


ax.grid(True, linestyle='dotted')
ax.set_axisbelow(True)


pl.xlabel('X axis label')
pl.ylabel('Y axis label')
pl.title('title')


space = len(data_groups)/2
offset = len(data_groups)/2




# --- Offset the positions per group:


group_positions = []
for num, dg in enumerate(data_groups):
_off = (0 - space + (0.5+num))
print(_off)
group_positions.append([x+_off*(width+0.01) for x in xlocations])


for dg, pos, c in zip(data_groups, group_positions, colors):
boxes = ax.boxplot(dg,
sym=symbol,
labels=['']*len(labels_list),
#            labels=labels_list,
positions=pos,
widths=width,
boxprops=dict(facecolor=c),
#             capprops=dict(color=c),
#            whiskerprops=dict(color=c),
#            flierprops=dict(color=c, markeredgecolor=c),
medianprops=dict(color='grey'),
#           notch=False,
#           vert=True,
#           whis=1.5,
#           bootstrap=None,
#           usermedians=None,
#           conf_intervals=None,
patch_artist=True,
)
ax.set_xticks( xlocations )
ax.set_xticklabels( labels_list, rotation=0 )






pl.show()

小开

A boxplot above was modified to obtain group boxplots with 3 data types.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np






ord = [[16.9423,
4.0410,
19.1185],
[18.5134,
17.8048,
19.2669],
[18.7286,
18.0576,
19.1717],
[18.8998,
18.8469,
19.0005],
[18.8126,
18.7870,
18.8393],
[18.7770,
18.7511,
18.8022],
[18.7409,
18.7075,
18.7747],
[18.6866,
18.6624,
18.7093
],
[18.6748],
[18.9069,
18.6752,
19.0769],
[19.0012,
18.9783,
19.0202
],
[18.9448,
18.9134,
18.9813],
[19.1242,
18.8256,
19.3185],
[19.2118,
19.1661,
19.2580],
[19.2505,
19.1231,
19.3526]]
    

seq = [[17.8092,
4.0410,
19.6653],
[18.7266,
18.2556,
19.3739],
[18.6051,
18.0589,
19.0557],
[18.6467,
18.5629,
18.7566],
[18.5307,
18.4999,
18.5684],
[18.4732,
18.4484,
18.4985],
[18.5234,
18.5027,
18.4797,
18.4573],
[18.3987,
18.3636,
18.4544],
[18.3593],
[18.7234,
18.7092,
18.7598],
[18.7438,
18.7224,
18.7677],
[18.7304,
18.7111,
18.6880,
18.6913,
18.6678],
[18.8926,
18.5902,
19.2003],
[19.1059,
19.0835,
19.0601,
19.0373,
19.0147],
[19.1925,
19.0177,
19.2588]]
    

apd=[[17.0331,
4.0410,
18.5670],
[17.6124,
17.1975,
18.0755],
[17.3956,
17.1572,
17.9140],
[17.8295,
17.6514,
18.1466],
[18.0665,
17.9144,
18.2157],
[18.1518,
18.0382,
18.2722],
[18.1975,
18.0956,
18.2987],
[18.2219,
18.1293,
18.3062],
[18.2870,
18.2215,
18.3513],
[18.3047,
18.2363,
18.3950],
[18.3580,
18.2923,
18.4205],
[18.3830,
18.3250,
18.4381],
[18.4135,
18.3645,
18.4753],
[18.4580,
18.4095,
18.5170],
[18.4900,
18.4430,
18.5435]
]
ticks = [120,
240,
360,
516,
662,
740,
874,
1022,
1081,
1201,
1320,
1451,
1562,
1680,
1863]
    

def set_box_color(bp, color):
plt.setp(bp['boxes'], color=color)
plt.setp(bp['whiskers'], color=color)
plt.setp(bp['caps'], color=color)
plt.setp(bp['medians'], color=color)
    

plt.figure()
    

bpl = plt.boxplot(ord, positions=np.array(range(len(ord)))*3.0-0.3, sym='', widths=0.6)
bpr = plt.boxplot(seq, positions=np.array(range(len(seq)))*3.0+0.3, sym='', widths=0.6)
bpg = plt.boxplot(apd, positions=np.array(range(len(apd)))*3.0+0.9, sym='', widths=0.6)
set_box_color(bpl, '#D7191C') # colors are from http://colorbrewer2.org/
set_box_color(bpr, '#2C7BB6')
set_box_color(bpg, '#99d8c9')
# draw temporary red and blue lines and use them to create a legend
plt.plot([], c='#D7191C', label='ORD')
plt.plot([], c='#2C7BB6', label='SEQ')
plt.plot([], c='#99d8c9', label='APD')
plt.legend()
    

plt.xticks(range(0, len(ticks) * 3, 3), ticks)
plt.xlim(-2, len(ticks)*3)
plt.ylim(0, 20)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
plt.savefig('boxcompare.png')

小开

I used the code given by Kuzeko and it worked well, but I found that the boxes in each group were being drawn in the reverse order. I changed ...x-_off... to ...x+_off... in the following line (just above the last for loop) which fixes it for me:

group_positions.append([x+_off*(width+0.01) for x in xlocations])