Matplotlib: 色条及其文本标签

我想为 heatmap创建一个 colorbar图例,使标签位于每个离散颜色的中心。从这里借来的例子:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap


#discrete color scheme
cMap = ListedColormap(['white', 'green', 'blue','red'])


#data
np.random.seed(42)
data = np.random.rand(4, 4)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
heatmap = ax.pcolor(data, cmap=cMap)


#legend
cbar = plt.colorbar(heatmap)
cbar.ax.set_yticklabels(['0','1','2','>3'])
cbar.set_label('# of contacts', rotation=270)


# put the major ticks at the middle of each cell
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]) + 0.5, minor=False)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]) + 0.5, minor=False)
ax.invert_yaxis()


#labels
column_labels = list('ABCD')
row_labels = list('WXYZ')
ax.set_xticklabels(column_labels, minor=False)
ax.set_yticklabels(row_labels, minor=False)


plt.show()

这产生了以下情节:

pmesh plot

理想情况下,我想生成一个图例条,其中有四种颜色和每种颜色,其中心的标签: 0,1,2,>3。如何做到这一点?

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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap


#discrete color scheme
cMap = ListedColormap(['white', 'green', 'blue','red'])


#data
np.random.seed(42)
data = np.random.rand(4, 4)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
heatmap = ax.pcolor(data, cmap=cMap)


#legend
cbar = plt.colorbar(heatmap)


cbar.ax.get_yaxis().set_ticks([])
for j, lab in enumerate(['$0$','$1$','$2$','$>3$']):
cbar.ax.text(.5, (2 * j + 1) / 8.0, lab, ha='center', va='center')
cbar.ax.get_yaxis().labelpad = 15
cbar.ax.set_ylabel('# of contacts', rotation=270)




# put the major ticks at the middle of each cell
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]) + 0.5, minor=False)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]) + 0.5, minor=False)
ax.invert_yaxis()


#labels
column_labels = list('ABCD')
row_labels = list('WXYZ')
ax.set_xticklabels(column_labels, minor=False)
ax.set_yticklabels(row_labels, minor=False)


plt.show()

你们很亲密。一旦有了对颜色条轴的引用,就可以对其进行任何操作,包括在中间放置文本标签。您可能希望使用该格式以使其更加可见。

demo

要添加到 Tacaswell 的回答colorbar()函数有一个可选的 cax输入,您可以使用它来传递一个轴,在该轴上绘制颜色条。如果使用该输入,则可以使用该轴直接设置标签。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable


fig, ax = plt.subplots()
heatmap = ax.imshow(data)
divider = make_axes_locatable(ax)
cax = divider.append_axes('bottom', size='10%', pad=0.6)
cb = fig.colorbar(heatmap, cax=cax, orientation='horizontal')


cax.set_xlabel('data label')  # cax == cb.ax

这将使您添加标签,并改变颜色栏的刻度和标签大小:

clb=plt.colorbar()
clb.ax.tick_params(labelsize=8)
clb.ax.set_title('Your Label',fontsize=8)

这也可用于如果你有分段:

plt.tight_layout()
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.05)
cax = plt.axes([0.1, 0, 0.8, 0.01]) #Left,bottom, length, width
clb=plt.colorbar(cax=cax,orientation="horizontal")
clb.ax.tick_params(labelsize=8)
clb.ax.set_title('Your Label',fontsize=8)