public class Pair<F, S> implements Comparable<Pair<? extends F, ? extends S>> {
public final F first;
public final S second;
/* ... */
public int compareTo(Pair<? extends F, ? extends S> that) {
int cf = compare(first, that.first);
return cf == 0 ? compare(second, that.second) : cf;
}
//Why null is decided to be less than everything?
private static int compare(Object l, Object r) {
if (l == null) {
return r == null ? 0 : -1;
} else {
return r == null ? 1 : ((Comparable) (l)).compareTo(r);
}
}
}
/* ... */
Pair<Thread, HashMap<String, Integer>> a = /* ... */;
Pair<Thread, HashMap<String, Integer>> b = /* ... */;
//Runtime error here instead of compile error!
System.out.println(a.compareTo(b));
一个与编译时检查类型参数是否可比的可比较示例:
public class Pair<
F extends Comparable<? super F>,
S extends Comparable<? super S>
> implements Comparable<Pair<? extends F, ? extends S>> {
public final F first;
public final S second;
/* ... */
public int compareTo(Pair<? extends F, ? extends S> that) {
int cf = compare(first, that.first);
return cf == 0 ? compare(second, that.second) : cf;
}
//Why null is decided to be less than everything?
private static <
T extends Comparable<? super T>
> int compare(T l, T r) {
if (l == null) {
return r == null ? 0 : -1;
} else {
return r == null ? 1 : l.compareTo(r);
}
}
}
/* ... */
//Will not compile because Thread is not Comparable<? super Thread>
Pair<Thread, HashMap<String, Integer>> a = /* ... */;
Pair<Thread, HashMap<String, Integer>> b = /* ... */;
System.out.println(a.compareTo(b));
/**
* The class <code>Pair</code> models a container for two objects wherein the
* object order is of no consequence for equality and hashing. An example of
* using Pair would be as the return type for a method that needs to return two
* related objects. Another good use is as entries in a Set or keys in a Map
* when only the unordered combination of two objects is of interest.<p>
* The term "object" as being a one of a Pair can be loosely interpreted. A
* Pair may have one or two <code>null</code> entries as values. Both values
* may also be the same object.<p>
* Mind that the order of the type parameters T and U is of no importance. A
* Pair<T, U> can still return <code>true</code> for method <code>equals</code>
* called with a Pair<U, T> argument.<p>
* Instances of this class are immutable, but the provided values might not be.
* This means the consistency of equality checks and the hash code is only as
* strong as that of the value types.<p>
*/
public class Pair<T, U> implements Cloneable {
/**
* One of the two values, for the declared type T.
*/
private final T object1;
/**
* One of the two values, for the declared type U.
*/
private final U object2;
private final boolean object1Null;
private final boolean object2Null;
private final boolean dualNull;
/**
* Constructs a new <code>Pair<T, U></code> with T object1 and U object2 as
* its values. The order of the arguments is of no consequence. One or both of
* the values may be <code>null</code> and both values may be the same object.
*
* @param object1 T to serve as one value.
* @param object2 U to serve as the other value.
*/
public Pair(T object1, U object2) {
this.object1 = object1;
this.object2 = object2;
object1Null = object1 == null;
object2Null = object2 == null;
dualNull = object1Null && object2Null;
}
/**
* Gets the value of this Pair provided as the first argument in the constructor.
*
* @return a value of this Pair.
*/
public T getObject1() {
return object1;
}
/**
* Gets the value of this Pair provided as the second argument in the constructor.
*
* @return a value of this Pair.
*/
public U getObject2() {
return object2;
}
/**
* Returns a shallow copy of this Pair. The returned Pair is a new instance
* created with the same values as this Pair. The values themselves are not
* cloned.
*
* @return a clone of this Pair.
*/
@Override
public Pair<T, U> clone() {
return new Pair<T, U>(object1, object2);
}
/**
* Indicates whether some other object is "equal" to this one.
* This Pair is considered equal to the object if and only if
* <ul>
* <li>the Object argument is not null,
* <li>the Object argument has a runtime type Pair or a subclass,
* </ul>
* AND
* <ul>
* <li>the Object argument refers to this pair
* <li>OR this pair's values are both null and the other pair's values are both null
* <li>OR this pair has one null value and the other pair has one null value and
* the remaining non-null values of both pairs are equal
* <li>OR both pairs have no null values and have value tuples <v1, v2> of
* this pair and <o1, o2> of the other pair so that at least one of the
* following statements is true:
* <ul>
* <li>v1 equals o1 and v2 equals o2
* <li>v1 equals o2 and v2 equals o1
* </ul>
* </ul>
* In any other case (such as when this pair has two null parts but the other
* only one) this method returns false.<p>
* The type parameters that were used for the other pair are of no importance.
* A Pair<T, U> can return <code>true</code> for equality testing with
* a Pair<T, V> even if V is neither a super- nor subtype of U, should
* the the value equality checks be positive or the U and V type values
* are both <code>null</code>. Type erasure for parameter types at compile
* time means that type checks are delegated to calls of the <code>equals</code>
* methods on the values themselves.
*
* @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
* @return true if the object is a Pair equal to this one.
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(obj == null)
return false;
if(this == obj)
return true;
if(!(obj instanceof Pair<?, ?>))
return false;
final Pair<?, ?> otherPair = (Pair<?, ?>)obj;
if(dualNull)
return otherPair.dualNull;
//After this we're sure at least one part in this is not null
if(otherPair.dualNull)
return false;
//After this we're sure at least one part in obj is not null
if(object1Null) {
if(otherPair.object1Null) //Yes: this and other both have non-null part2
return object2.equals(otherPair.object2);
else if(otherPair.object2Null) //Yes: this has non-null part2, other has non-null part1
return object2.equals(otherPair.object1);
else //Remaining case: other has no non-null parts
return false;
} else if(object2Null) {
if(otherPair.object2Null) //Yes: this and other both have non-null part1
return object1.equals(otherPair.object1);
else if(otherPair.object1Null) //Yes: this has non-null part1, other has non-null part2
return object1.equals(otherPair.object2);
else //Remaining case: other has no non-null parts
return false;
} else {
//Transitive and symmetric requirements of equals will make sure
//checking the following cases are sufficient
if(object1.equals(otherPair.object1))
return object2.equals(otherPair.object2);
else if(object1.equals(otherPair.object2))
return object2.equals(otherPair.object1);
else
return false;
}
}
/**
* Returns a hash code value for the pair. This is calculated as the sum
* of the hash codes for the two values, wherein a value that is <code>null</code>
* contributes 0 to the sum. This implementation adheres to the contract for
* <code>hashCode()</code> as specified for <code>Object()</code>. The returned
* value hash code consistently remain the same for multiple invocations
* during an execution of a Java application, unless at least one of the pair
* values has its hash code changed. That would imply information used for
* equals in the changed value(s) has also changed, which would carry that
* change onto this class' <code>equals</code> implementation.
*
* @return a hash code for this Pair.
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hashCode = object1Null ? 0 : object1.hashCode();
hashCode += (object2Null ? 0 : object2.hashCode());
return hashCode;
}
}
public class Pair<K, V> {
private final K element0;
private final V element1;
public static <K, V> Pair<K, V> createPair(K key, V value) {
return new Pair<K, V>(key, value);
}
public Pair(K element0, V element1) {
this.element0 = element0;
this.element1 = element1;
}
public K getElement0() {
return element0;
}
public V getElement1() {
return element1;
}
}
class Pairs {
static <L,R> Pair<L,R> makePair(final L l, final R r){
return new Pair<L,R>(){
public L getL() { return l; }
public R getR() { return r; }
};
}
}
public class Pair<A extends Comparable<? super A>,
B extends Comparable<? super B>>
implements Comparable<Pair<A, B>> {
public final A first;
public final B second;
private Pair(A first, B second) {
this.first = first;
this.second = second;
}
public static <A extends Comparable<? super A>,
B extends Comparable<? super B>>
Pair<A, B> of(A first, B second) {
return new Pair<A, B>(first, second);
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Pair<A, B> o) {
int cmp = o == null ? 1 : (this.first).compareTo(o.first);
return cmp == 0 ? (this.second).compareTo(o.second) : cmp;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return 31 * hashcode(first) + hashcode(second);
}
// TODO : move this to a helper class.
private static int hashcode(Object o) {
return o == null ? 0 : o.hashCode();
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (!(obj instanceof Pair))
return false;
if (this == obj)
return true;
return equal(first, ((Pair<?, ?>) obj).first)
&& equal(second, ((Pair<?, ?>) obj).second);
}
// TODO : move this to a helper class.
private boolean equal(Object o1, Object o2) {
return o1 == o2 || (o1 != null && o1.equals(o2));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "(" + first + ", " + second + ')';
}
}
public class Pair<F, S> {
public final F first;
public final S second;
public Pair(F first, S second) {
this.first = first;
this.second = second;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Pair)) {
return false;
}
Pair<?, ?> p = (Pair<?, ?>) o;
return Objects.equal(p.first, first) && Objects.equal(p.second, second);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return (first == null ? 0 : first.hashCode()) ^ (second == null ? 0 : second.hashCode());
}
public static <A, B> Pair <A, B> create(A a, B b) {
return new Pair<A, B>(a, b);
}
}
// Declare a pair object containing two integers
var integerIntegerPair = new Pair<>(1, 2);
// Declare a pair object containing a String and an integer
var stringIntegerPair = new Pair<>("String", 20);
// Declare a pair object containing two other pairs!
var pairPairPair = new Pair<>(new Pair<>(1, 2), new Pair<>("String", 20));