在 awk 中选择 row 和 element

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最佳答案

To print the second line:

awk 'FNR == 2 {print}'

To print the second field:

awk '{print $2}'

To print the third field of the fifth line:

awk 'FNR == 5 {print $3}'

Here's an example with a header line and (redundant) field descriptions:

awk 'BEGIN {print "Name\t\tAge"}  FNR == 5 {print "Name: "$3"\tAge: "$2}'

There are better ways to align columns than "\t\t" by the way.

Use exit to stop as soon as you've printed the desired record if there's no reason to process the whole file:

awk 'FNR == 2 {print; exit}'

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To expand on Dennis's answer, use awk's -v option to pass the i and j values:

# print the j'th field of the i'th line
awk -v i=5 -v j=3 'FNR == i {print $j}'

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To print the columns with a specific string, you use the // search pattern. For example, if you are looking for second columns that contains abc:

awk '$2 ~ /abc/'

... and if you want to print only a particular column:

awk '$2 ~ /abc/ { print $3 }'

... and for a particular line number:

awk '$2 ~ /abc/ && FNR == 5 { print $3 }'

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Since awk and perl are closely related...

Perl equivalents of @Dennis's awk solutions:

To print the second line:
perl -ne 'print if $. == 2' file

To print the second field:
perl -lane 'print $F[1]' file

To print the third field of the fifth line:
perl -lane 'print $F[2] if $. == 5' file

Perl equivalent of @Glenn's solution:

Print the j'th field of the i'th line

perl -lanse 'print $F[$j-1] if $. == $i' -- -i=5 -j=3 file

Perl equivalents of @Hai's solutions:

if you are looking for second columns that contains abc:

perl -lane 'print if $F[1] =~ /abc/' foo

... and if you want to print only a particular column:

perl -lane 'print $F[2] if $F[1] =~ /abc/' foo

... and for a particular line number:

perl -lane 'print $F[2] if $F[1] =~ /abc/ && $. == 5' foo

-l removes newlines, and adds them back in when printing
-a autosplits the input line into array @F, using whitespace as the delimiter
-n loop over each line of the input file
-e execute the code within quotes
$F[1] is the second element of the array, since Perl starts at 0
$. is the line number