如何从 Rust 发出 HTTP 请求？

小开

The easiest way to make HTTP requests in Rust is with the reqwest crate:

use std::error::Error;


fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let resp = reqwest::blocking::get("https://httpbin.org/ip")?.text()?;
println!("{:#?}", resp);
Ok(())
}

In Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["blocking"] }

Async

Reqwest also supports making asynchronous HTTP requests using Tokio:

use std::error::Error;


#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let resp = reqwest::get("https://httpbin.org/ip")
.await?
.text()
.await?;
println!("{:#?}", resp);
Ok(())
}

In Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
reqwest = "0.11"
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }

Hyper

Reqwest is an easy to use wrapper around Hyper, which is a popular HTTP library for Rust. You can use it directly if you need more control over managing connections. A Hyper-based example is below and is largely inspired by an example in its documentation:

use hyper::{body::HttpBody as _, Client, Uri};
use std::error::Error;


#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let client = Client::new();


let res = client
.get(Uri::from_static("http://httpbin.org/ip"))
.await?;


println!("status: {}", res.status());


let buf = hyper::body::to_bytes(res).await?;


println!("body: {:?}", buf);
}

In Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }

Original answer (Rust 0.6)

I believe what you're looking for is in the standard library. now in rust-http and Chris Morgan's answer is the standard way in current Rust for the foreseeable future. I'm not sure how far I can take you (and hope I'm not taking you the wrong direction!), but you'll want something like:

// Rust 0.6 -- old code
extern mod std;


use std::net_ip;
use std::uv;


fn main() {
let iotask = uv::global_loop::get();
let result = net_ip::get_addr("www.duckduckgo.com", &iotask);


io::println(fmt!("%?", result));
}

As for encoding, there are some examples in the unit tests in src/libstd/net_url.rs.

小开

最佳答案

Update: This answer refers to fairly ancient history. For the current best practices, please look at Isaac Aggrey's answer instead.

I've been working on rust-http, which has become the de facto HTTP library for Rust (Servo uses it); it's far from complete and very poorly documented at present. Here's an example of making a request and doing something with the status code:

extern mod http;
use http::client::RequestWriter;
use http::method::Get;
use http::status;
use std::os;


fn main() {
let request = RequestWriter::new(Get, FromStr::from_str(os::args()[1]).unwrap());
let response = match request.read_response() {
Ok(response) => response,
Err(_request) => unreachable!(), // Uncaught condition will have failed first
};
if response.status == status::Ok {
println!("Oh goodie, I got me a 200 OK response!");
} else {
println!("That URL ain't returning 200 OK, it returned {} instead", response.status);
}
}

Run this code with a URL as the sole command-line argument and it'll check the status code! (HTTP only; no HTTPS.)

Compare with src/examples/client/client.rs for an example that does a little more.

rust-http is tracking the master branch of rust. ~~At present it'll work in the just-released Rust 0.8, but there are likely to be breaking changes soon.~~ Actually, no version of rust-http works on Rust 0.8—there was a breaking change which can't be worked around in privacy rules just before the release, leaving something that rust-http depends on in extra::url inaccessible. This has since been fixed, but it leaves rust-http incompatible with Rust 0.8.

As for the query string encoding matter, at present that should be done with extra::url::Query (a typedef for ~[(~str, ~str)]). Appropriate functions for conversions:

extra::url::query_to_str
extra::url::query_from_str (sorry, can't use this just at present as it's private. PR to make it public about to come. In the mean time, this link actually shouldn't work, it's only available because of https://github.com/mozilla/rust/issues/7476.)

小开

Using curl bindings. Stick this in your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies.curl]
git = "https://github.com/carllerche/curl-rust"

...and this in the src/main.rs:

extern crate curl;


use curl::http;


fn main(){
let resp = http::handle()
.post("http://localhost:3000/login", "username=dude&password=sikrit")
.exec().unwrap();


println!("code={}; headers={}; body={}",
resp.get_code(), resp.get_headers(), resp.get_body());


}

小开

To elaborate on Isaac Aggrey's answer, here's an example of making a POST request with query parameters using the reqwest library.

Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "play_async"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"


[dependencies]
reqwest = "0.10.4"
tokio = { version = "0.2.21", features = ["macros"] }

Code

use reqwest::Client;


type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error>;
type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;


async fn post_greeting() -> Result<()> {
let client = Client::new();
let req = client
// or use .post, etc.
.get("https://webhook.site/1dff66fd-07ff-4cb5-9a77-681efe863747")
.header("Accepts", "application/json")
.query(&[("hello", "1"), ("world", "ABCD")]);


let res = req.send().await?;
println!("{}", res.status());


let body = res.bytes().await?;


let v = body.to_vec();
let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&v);
println!("response: {} ", s);


Ok(())
}


#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
post_greeting().await?;


Ok(())
}

Go to https://webhook.site and create your webhook link and change the code to match. You'll see the request was received on server in realtime.

This example was originally based on Bastian Gruber's example and has been updated for modern Rust syntax and newer crate versions.

小开

Using hyper "0.13"

Also using hyper-tls for HTTPS support.

File Cargo.toml

hyper = "0.13"
hyper-tls = "0.4.1"
tokio = { version = "0.2", features = ["full"] }

Code

extern crate hyper;
use hyper::Client;
use hyper::body::HttpBody as _;
use tokio::io::{stdout, AsyncWriteExt as _};
use hyper_tls::HttpsConnector;


#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
// HTTP only
// let client = Client::new();


// http or https connections
let client = Client::builder().build::<_, hyper::Body>(HttpsConnector::new());


let mut resp = client.get("https://catfact.ninja/fact".parse()?).await?;


println!("Response: {}", resp.status());


while let Some(chunk) = resp.body_mut().data().await {
stdout().write_all(&chunk?).await?;
}


Ok(())
}

Adapted from https://hyper.rs/guides/client/basic/

小开

Building upon Patrik Stas' answer, if you want to do an HTTP form URL-encoded POST, here is what you have to do. In this case, it's to get an OAuth client_credentials token.

Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
reqwest = "0.10.4"
tokio = { version = "0.2.21", features = ["macros"] }

Code

use reqwest::{Client, Method};


type Error = Box<dyn std::error::Error>;
type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;


async fn print_access_token() -> Result<()> {
let client = Client::new();
let host = "login.microsoftonline.com";
let tenant = "TENANT";
let client_id = "CLIENT_ID";
let client_secret = "CLIENT_SECRET";
let scope = "https://graph.microsoft.com/.default";
let grant_type = "client_credentials";


let url_string = format!("https://{}/{}/oauth2/v2.0/token", host, tenant);
let body = format!(
"client_id={}&client_secret={}&scope={}&grant_type={}",
client_id, client_secret, scope, grant_type,
);
let req = client.request(Method::POST, &url_string).body(body);


let res = req.send().await?;
println!("{}", res.status());


let body = res.bytes().await?;


let v = body.to_vec();
let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&v);
println!("response: {} ", s);


Ok(())
}


#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
print_access_token().await?;


Ok(())
}

This will print something like the following.

200 OK
response: {"token_type":"Bearer","expires_in":3599,"ext_expires_in":3599,"access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN"}

小开

I prefer Crates with low dependency count, so I would recommend these:

MinReq (0 deps)

use minreq;


fn main() -> Result<(), minreq::Error> {
let o = minreq::get("https://speedtest.lax.hivelocity.net").send()?;
let s = o.as_str()?;
print!("{}", s);
Ok(())
}

HTTP_Req (35 deps)

use {http_req::error, http_req::request, std::io, std::io::Write};


fn main() -> Result<(), error::Error> {
let mut a = Vec::new();
request::get("https://speedtest.lax.hivelocity.net", &mut a)?;
io::stdout().write(&a)?;
Ok(())
}

小开

Dropping a version here that uses the surf crate (dual to the tide crate):

let res = surf::get("https://httpbin.org/get").await?;
assert_eq!(res.status(), 200);

小开

Simple http request with this crate: wsd

fn test() {
wsd::http::get("https://docs.rs/", |data| {
println!("status = {}, data = {}", data.status(), data.text());
});
}