You can edit javascript in the developer tools on the "Sources" tab, BUT it will only allow you to edit javascript in its own file. Script embedded in an HTML (or PHP) file will remain read-only.
I don't know if you need this to save permanently, but if you need to just temporarily modify the js:
I can copy that javascript I want to modify into a text editor, edit it, then paste it in the console and it will redefine any functions or whatever that I need to be redefined.
for instance, if the page has:
<script>
var foo = function() { console.log("Hi"); }
</script>
I can take the content between the script, edit it, then enter it into the debugger like:
I did search "chrome dev tool edit javascript". This page is the first search result. But it is too outdated, it does not help me.
I am using Chrome 73, this version of Chrome has "Enable Local Overrides" option. Using the function, I could edit a javascript and could run and debug.
In the devtools preferences check the Enable local overrides.
Go to network tab, find the file you want to edit, rigth click on it and select Save for overrides (on the sources/overrides tab you need to add a local folder)
The file appears in a new tab on the Sources tab as local copy, so you can edit this file, and after site reload the new (and edited) override file will load on the site!