使用掩码实现输入

小开

可以使用 keyup事件、 HTMLInputElement value、 selectionStart和 selectionEnd属性的组合来实现输入掩码。这里有一个非常简单的实现，可以实现您想要的一些功能。它当然不是完美的，但足以证明这个原理:

Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.body.querySelectorAll("*[data-mask]"), applyDataMask);


function applyDataMask(field) {
var mask = field.dataset.mask.split('');
    

// For now, this just strips everything that's not a number
function stripMask(maskedData) {
function isDigit(char) {
return /\d/.test(char);
}
return maskedData.split('').filter(isDigit);
}
    

// Replace `_` characters with characters from `data`
function applyMask(data) {
return mask.map(function(char) {
if (char != '_') return char;
if (data.length == 0) return char;
return data.shift();
}).join('')
}
    

function reapplyMask(data) {
return applyMask(stripMask(data));
}
    

function changed() {
var oldStart = field.selectionStart;
var oldEnd = field.selectionEnd;
        

field.value = reapplyMask(field.value);
        

field.selectionStart = oldStart;
field.selectionEnd = oldEnd;
}
    

field.addEventListener('click', changed)
field.addEventListener('keyup', changed)
}

ISO Date: <input type="text" value="____-__-__" data-mask="____-__-__"/><br/>
Telephone: <input type="text" value="(___) ___-____" data-mask="(___) ___-____"/><br/>

(JSFiddle 中的视图)

还有一些图书馆可以执行这项功能，例如:

输入面具
屏蔽输入插件
Politespace (提供输入掩码的替代方案)

小开

我使用以下原则执行我自己的计划:

只允许输入数字。(按键事件)
得到一个数组中的所有数字
将掩码的每个“ _”字符替换为来自循环中的数组

我们欢迎改进。

/**
* charCode [48,57]     Numbers 0 to 9
* keyCode 46           "delete"
* keyCode 9            "tab"
* keyCode 13           "enter"
* keyCode 116          "F5"
* keyCode 8            "backscape"
* keyCode 37,38,39,40  Arrows
* keyCode 10           (LF)
*/
function validate_int(myEvento) {
if ((myEvento.charCode >= 48 && myEvento.charCode <= 57) || myEvento.keyCode == 9 || myEvento.keyCode == 10 || myEvento.keyCode == 13 || myEvento.keyCode == 8 || myEvento.keyCode == 116 || myEvento.keyCode == 46 || (myEvento.keyCode <= 40 && myEvento.keyCode >= 37)) {
dato = true;
} else {
dato = false;
}
return dato;
}


function phone_number_mask() {
var myMask = "(___) ___-____";
var myCaja = document.getElementById("phone");
var myText = "";
var myNumbers = [];
var myOutPut = ""
var theLastPos = 1;
myText = myCaja.value;
//get numbers
for (var i = 0; i < myText.length; i++) {
if (!isNaN(myText.charAt(i)) && myText.charAt(i) != " ") {
myNumbers.push(myText.charAt(i));
}
}
//write over mask
for (var j = 0; j < myMask.length; j++) {
if (myMask.charAt(j) == "_") { //replace "_" by a number
if (myNumbers.length == 0)
myOutPut = myOutPut + myMask.charAt(j);
else {
myOutPut = myOutPut + myNumbers.shift();
theLastPos = j + 1; //set caret position
}
} else {
myOutPut = myOutPut + myMask.charAt(j);
}
}
document.getElementById("phone").value = myOutPut;
document.getElementById("phone").setSelectionRange(theLastPos, theLastPos);
}


document.getElementById("phone").onkeypress = validate_int;
document.getElementById("phone").onkeyup = phone_number_mask;

<input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" placeholder="(123) 456-7890" required="required" title="e.g (123) 456-7890" pattern="^\([0-9]{3}\)\s[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$">

小开

您也可以通过使用 JavaScript 的本机方法来实现这一点。它非常简单，不需要任何额外的库导入。

<input type="text" name="date" placeholder="yyyy-mm-dd" onkeyup="
var date = this.value;
if (date.match(/^\d{4}$/) !== null) {
this.value = date + '-';
} else if (date.match(/^\d{4}\-\d{2}$/) !== null) {
this.value = date + '-';
}" maxlength="10">

小开

您也可以尝试我的实现，它在每次键入内容时没有延迟，并且完全支持退格和删除。

你可以在网上试试: Https://jsfiddle.net/qmyo6a1h/1/

    <html>
<style>
input{
font-family:'monospace';
}
</style>
<body>
<input type="text" id="phone" placeholder="123-5678-1234" title="123-5678-1234" input-mask="___-____-____">
<input type="button" onClick="showValue_phone()" value="Show Value" />
<input type="text" id="console_phone" />
<script>
function InputMask(element) {
var self = this;


self.element = element;


self.mask = element.attributes["input-mask"].nodeValue;


self.inputBuffer = "";


self.cursorPosition = 0;


self.bufferCursorPosition = 0;


self.dataLength = getDataLength();


function getDataLength() {
var ret = 0;


for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
if (self.mask.charAt(i) == "_") {
ret++;
}
}


return ret;
}


self.keyEventHandler = function (obj) {
obj.preventDefault();


self.updateBuffer(obj);
self.manageCursor(obj);
self.render();
self.moveCursor();
}


self.updateBufferPosition = function () {
var selectionStart = self.element.selectionStart;
self.bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(selectionStart);
console.log("self.bufferCursorPosition==" + self.bufferCursorPosition);
}


self.onClick = function () {
self.updateBufferPosition();
}


self.updateBuffer = function (obj) {
if (obj.keyCode == 8) {
self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.bufferCursorPosition - 1) + self.inputBuffer.substring(self.bufferCursorPosition);
}
else if (obj.keyCode == 46) {
self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.bufferCursorPosition) + self.inputBuffer.substring(self.bufferCursorPosition + 1);
}
else if (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40) {
//do nothing on cursor keys.
}
else {
var selectionStart = self.element.selectionStart;
var bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(selectionStart);
self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, bufferCursorPosition) + String.fromCharCode(obj.which) + self.inputBuffer.substring(bufferCursorPosition);
if (self.inputBuffer.length > self.dataLength) {
self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.dataLength);
}
}
}


self.manageCursor = function (obj) {
console.log(obj.keyCode);
if (obj.keyCode == 8) {
self.bufferCursorPosition--;
}
else if (obj.keyCode == 46) {
//do nothing on delete key.
}
else if (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40) {
if (obj.keyCode == 37) {
self.bufferCursorPosition--;
}
else if (obj.keyCode == 39) {
self.bufferCursorPosition++;
}
}
else {
var bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(self.element.selectionStart);
self.bufferCursorPosition = bufferCursorPosition + 1;
}
}


self.setCursorByBuffer = function (bufferCursorPosition) {
var displayCursorPos = self.bufferPosToDisplayPos(bufferCursorPosition);
self.element.setSelectionRange(displayCursorPos, displayCursorPos);
}


self.moveCursor = function () {
self.setCursorByBuffer(self.bufferCursorPosition);
}


self.render = function () {
var bufferCopy = self.inputBuffer;
var ret = {
muskifiedValue: ""
};


var lastChar = 0;


for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
if (self.mask.charAt(i) == "_" &&
bufferCopy) {
ret.muskifiedValue += bufferCopy.charAt(0);
bufferCopy = bufferCopy.substr(1);
lastChar = i;
}
else {
ret.muskifiedValue += self.mask.charAt(i);
}
}


self.element.value = ret.muskifiedValue;


}


self.preceedingMaskCharCount = function (displayCursorPos) {
var lastCharIndex = 0;
var ret = 0;


for (var i = 0; i < self.element.value.length; i++) {
if (self.element.value.charAt(i) == "_"
|| i > displayCursorPos - 1) {
lastCharIndex = i;
break;
}
}


if (self.mask.charAt(lastCharIndex - 1) != "_") {
var i = lastCharIndex - 1;
while (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
i--;
if (i < 0) break;
ret++;
}
}


return ret;
}


self.leadingMaskCharCount = function (displayIndex) {
var ret = 0;


for (var i = displayIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
if (i >= self.mask.length) {
continue;
}
if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
ret++;
}
}


return ret;
}


self.bufferPosToDisplayPos = function (bufferIndex) {
var offset = 0;
var indexInBuffer = 0;


for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
if (indexInBuffer > bufferIndex) {
break;
}


if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
offset++;
continue;
}


indexInBuffer++;
}
var ret = bufferIndex + offset;


return ret;
}


self.displayPosToBufferPos = function (displayIndex) {
var offset = 0;
var indexInBuffer = 0;


for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length && i <= displayIndex; i++) {
if (indexInBuffer >= self.inputBuffer.length) {
break;
}


if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
offset++;
continue;
}


indexInBuffer++;
}


return displayIndex - offset;
}


self.getValue = function () {
return this.inputBuffer;
}
self.element.onkeypress = self.keyEventHandler;
self.element.onclick = self.onClick;
}


function InputMaskManager() {
var self = this;


self.instances = {};


self.add = function (id) {
var elem = document.getElementById(id);
var maskInstance = new InputMask(elem);
self.instances[id] = maskInstance;
}


self.getValue = function (id) {
return self.instances[id].getValue();
}


document.onkeydown = function (obj) {
if (obj.target.attributes["input-mask"]) {
if (obj.keyCode == 8 ||
obj.keyCode == 46 ||
(obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40)) {


if (obj.keyCode == 8 || obj.keyCode == 46) {
obj.preventDefault();
}


//needs to broadcast to all instances here:
var keys = Object.keys(self.instances);
for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
if (self.instances[keys[i]].element.id == obj.target.id) {
self.instances[keys[i]].keyEventHandler(obj);
}
}
}
}
}
}


//Initialize an instance of InputMaskManager and
//add masker instances by passing in the DOM ids
//of each HTML counterpart.
var maskMgr = new InputMaskManager();
maskMgr.add("phone");


function showValue_phone() {
//-------------------------------------------------------__Value_Here_____
document.getElementById("console_phone").value = maskMgr.getValue("phone");
}
</script>
</body>


</html>

小开

Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.body.querySelectorAll("*[data-mask]"), applyDataMask);


function applyDataMask(field) {
var mask = field.dataset.mask.split('');


// For now, this just strips everything that's not a number
function stripMask(maskedData) {
function isDigit(char) {
return /\d/.test(char);
}
return maskedData.split('').filter(isDigit);
}


// Replace `_` characters with characters from `data`
function applyMask(data) {
return mask.map(function(char) {
if (char != '_') return char;
if (data.length == 0) return char;
return data.shift();
}).join('')
}


function reapplyMask(data) {
return applyMask(stripMask(data));
}


function changed() {
var oldStart = field.selectionStart;
var oldEnd = field.selectionEnd;


field.value = reapplyMask(field.value);


field.selectionStart = oldStart;
field.selectionEnd = oldEnd;
}


field.addEventListener('click', changed)
field.addEventListener('keyup', changed)
}

Date: <input type="text" value="__-__-____" data-mask="__-__-____"/><br/>
Telephone: <input type="text" value="(___) ___-____" data-mask="(___) ___-____"/><br/>

小开

下面我描述一下我的方法。我在 input中设置输入上的事件，以调用 Mask ()方法，该方法将返回我们在 input中插入的格式化字符串。

网址:

<input name="phone" pattern="+373 __ ___ ___" class="masked" required>

JQ: 这里我们在输入上设置事件:

$('.masked').on('input', function () {
var input = $(this);
input.val(Masking(input.val(), input.attr('pattern')));
});

函数，它将按照模式格式化字符串;

function Masking (value, pattern) {
var out = '';
var space = ' ';
var any = '_';


for (var i = 0, j = 0; j < value.length; i++, j++) {
if (value[j] === pattern[i]) {
out += value[j];
}
else if(pattern[i] === any && value[j] !== space) {
out += value[j];
}
else if(pattern[i] === space && value[j] !== space) {
out += space;
j--;
}
else if(pattern[i] !== any && pattern[i] !== space) {
out += pattern[i];
j--;
}
}


return out;
}

小开

一个响应 input事件而不是键盘事件(如 keyup)的解决方案将提供一个平稳的体验(没有波动) ，并且在不使用键盘(上下文菜单，鼠标拖动，其他设备...)的情况下也可以工作。

下面的代码将查找同时具有 placeholder属性和 data-slots属性的输入元素。后者应该在占位符中定义/用作输入槽的字符，例如“ _”。可以提供一个可选的 data-accept属性和一个正则表达式，正则表达式定义在这样的槽中允许使用哪些字符。默认值是 \d，即数字。

// This code empowers all input tags having a placeholder and data-slots attribute
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
for (const el of document.querySelectorAll("[placeholder][data-slots]")) {
const pattern = el.getAttribute("placeholder"),
slots = new Set(el.dataset.slots || "_"),
prev = (j => Array.from(pattern, (c,i) => slots.has(c)? j=i+1: j))(0),
first = [...pattern].findIndex(c => slots.has(c)),
accept = new RegExp(el.dataset.accept || "\\d", "g"),
clean = input => {
input = input.match(accept) || [];
return Array.from(pattern, c =>
input[0] === c || slots.has(c) ? input.shift() || c : c
);
},
format = () => {
const [i, j] = [el.selectionStart, el.selectionEnd].map(i => {
i = clean(el.value.slice(0, i)).findIndex(c => slots.has(c));
return i<0? prev[prev.length-1]: back? prev[i-1] || first: i;
});
el.value = clean(el.value).join``;
el.setSelectionRange(i, j);
back = false;
};
let back = false;
el.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => back = e.key === "Backspace");
el.addEventListener("input", format);
el.addEventListener("focus", format);
el.addEventListener("blur", () => el.value === pattern && (el.value=""));
}
});

[data-slots] { font-family: monospace }

<label>Date time:
<input placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm" data-slots="dmyh">
</label><br>
<label>Telephone:
<input placeholder="+1 (___) ___-____" data-slots="_">
</label><br>
<label>MAC Address:
<input placeholder="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" data-slots="X" data-accept="[\dA-H]">
</label><br>
<label>Alphanumeric:
<input placeholder="__-__-__-____" data-slots="_" data-accept="\w" size="13">
</label><br>
<label>Credit Card:
<input placeholder=".... .... .... ...." data-slots="." data-accept="\d" size="19">
</label><br>

小开

不久前我写了一个类似的解决方案。
当然，它只是一个 PoC，可以进一步改进。

该解决方案包括以下特点:

无缝字符输入
模式定制
在输入时进行实时验证
全日期验证(包括每个月的正确日期和闰年考虑)
描述性错误，这样当用户无法键入字符时，他就能够理解正在发生的事情
固定光标位置并防止选择
如果值为空，则显示占位符

const patternFreeChar = "_";
const dayValidator = [/^[0-3]$/, /^0[1-9]|[12]\d|3[01]$/];
const monthValidator = [/^[01]$/, /^0[1-9]|1[012]$/];
const yearValidator = [/^[12]$/, /^19|20$/, /^(19|20)\d$/, /^(19|20)\d\d$/];


/**
* Validate a date as your type.
* @param {string} date The date in the provided format as a string representation.
* @param {string} format The format to use.
* @throws {Error} When the date is invalid.
*/
function validateStartTypingDate(date, format='DDMMYYYY') {
if ( !date ) return "";


date = date.substr(0, 8);


if ( !/^\d+$/.test(date) )
throw new Error("Please type numbers only");


const formatAsArray = format.split('');
const dayIndex = formatAsArray.findIndex(c => c == 'D');
const monthIndex = formatAsArray.findIndex(c => c == 'M');
const yearIndex = formatAsArray.findIndex(c => c == 'Y');


const dayStr = date.substr(dayIndex,2);
const monthStr = date.substr(monthIndex,2);
const yearStr = date.substr(yearIndex,4);


if ( dayStr && !dayValidator[dayStr.length-1].test(dayStr) ) {
switch (dayStr.length) {
case 1:
throw new Error("Day in month can start only with 0, 1, 2 or 3");
case 2:
throw new Error("Day in month must be in a range between 01 and 31");
}
}


if ( monthStr && !monthValidator[monthStr.length-1].test(monthStr) ) {
switch (monthStr.length) {
case 1:
throw new Error("Month can start only with 0 or 1");
case 2:
throw new Error("Month number must be in a range between 01 and 12");
}
}


if ( yearStr && !yearValidator[yearStr.length-1].test(yearStr) ) {
switch (yearStr.length) {
case 1:
throw new Error("We support only years between 1900 and 2099, so the full year can start only with 1 or 2");
default:
throw new Error("We support only years between 1900 and 2099, so the full year can start only with 19 or 20");
}
}


const day = parseInt(dayStr);
const month = parseInt(monthStr);
const year = parseInt(yearStr);
const monthName = new Date(0,month-1).toLocaleString('en-us',{month:'long'});


if ( day > 30 && [4,6,9,11].includes(month) )
throw new Error(`${monthName} have maximum 30 days`);


if ( day > 29 && month === 2 )
throw new Error(`${monthName} have maximum 29 days`);


if ( date.length === 8 ) {
if ( !isLeap(year) && month === 2 && day === 29 )
throw new Error(`The year you are trying to enter (${year}) is not a leap year. Thus, in this year, ${monthName} can have maximum 28 days`);
}


return date;
}


/**
* Check whether the given year is a leap year.
*/
function isLeap(year) {
return new Date(year, 1, 29).getDate() === 29;
}


/**
* Move cursor to the end of the provided input element.
*/
function moveCursorToEnd(el) {
if (typeof el.selectionStart == "number") {
el.selectionStart = el.selectionEnd = el.value.length;
} else if (typeof el.createTextRange != "undefined") {
el.focus();
var range = el.createTextRange();
range.collapse(false);
range.select();
}
}


/**
* Move cursor to the end of the self input element.
*/
function selfMoveCursorToEnd() {
return moveCursorToEnd(this);
}


const inputs = document.querySelectorAll("input");


inputs.forEach(input => {
const { format, pattern } = input.dataset;
input.addEventListener("keydown", function(event){
event.preventDefault();
document.getElementById("date-error-msg").innerText = "";


// On digit pressed
let inputMemory = this.dataset.inputMemory || "";


if ( event.key.length === 1 ) {
try {
inputMemory = validateStartTypingDate(inputMemory + event.key, format);
} catch (err) {
document.getElementById("date-error-msg").innerText = err.message;
}
}


// On backspace pressed
if ( event.code === "Backspace" ) {
inputMemory = inputMemory.slice(0, -1);
}


// Build an output using a pattern
if ( this.dataset.inputMemory !== inputMemory ) {
let output = pattern;
for ( let i=0, digit; i<inputMemory.length, digit=inputMemory[i]; i++ ) {
output = output.replace(patternFreeChar, digit);
}
this.dataset.inputMemory = inputMemory;
this.value = output;
}


// Clean the value if the memory is empty
if ( inputMemory === "" ) {
this.value = "";
}
}, false);


input.addEventListener('select', selfMoveCursorToEnd, false);
input.addEventListener('mousedown', selfMoveCursorToEnd, false);
input.addEventListener('mouseup', selfMoveCursorToEnd, false);
input.addEventListener('click', selfMoveCursorToEnd, false);
});

input {
width: 250px;
}

<div><input type="text" placeholder="DD/MM/YYYY" data-format="DDMMYYYY" data-pattern="__/__/____" /></div>
<div><input type="text" placeholder="MM/DD/YYYY" data-format="MMDDYYYY" data-pattern="__/__/____" /></div>
<div><input type="text" placeholder="YYYY-MM-DD" data-format="YYYYMMDD" data-pattern="____-__-__" /></div>
<div><input type="text" placeholder="Day: DD, Year: YYYY, Month: MM" data-format="DDYYYYMM" data-pattern="Day: __, Year: ____, Month: __" /></div>
<div id="date-error-msg"></div>

到 jsfiddle 的链接: Https://jsfiddle.net/sm3xw61n/2/

祝你好运！

小开

我从这个线程决策使用掩码实现输入中选取并将其改编为 IE10，并添加了 setter 和 getter 函数。

但我只测试了电话面具

$(document).ready(function(){
var el_arr = document.querySelectorAll("[placeholder][data-slots]");
for (var el_ind=0; el_ind < el_arr.length; el_ind++ ){
var el = el_arr[el_ind];
var pattern = el.getAttribute("placeholder"),
slots = new Set(el.getAttribute("data-slots") || "_"),
prev = function(j){return Array.from(pattern, function(c,i){ return slots.has(c)? j=i+1: j;});}(0),
first = pattern.split('').findIndex(function(c){return slots.has(c);} ),
accept = new RegExp(el.getAttribute("data-accept") || "\\d", "g"),
clean = function(input){input = input.match(accept) || [];return Array.from(pattern, function(c){return input[0] === c || slots.has(c) ? input.shift() || c : c;});},
format = function(){
var elem = this;
var i_j_arr = [el.selectionStart, el.selectionEnd].map(function(i){
i = clean(el.value.slice(0, i)).findIndex(function(c){ return slots.has(c);});
return i<0? prev[prev.length-1]: elem.back? prev[i-1] || first: i;
});
el.value = clean(el.value).join('');
el.setSelectionRange(i_j_arr[0], i_j_arr[1]);
this.back = false;
},
// sdo added
get_masked_value = function(){
var input = this.value;
var ret=[];
for(var k in pattern){
if ( !input[k] )break;
if( slots.has(pattern[k]) && input[k]!=pattern[k]){
ret.push(input[k]);
}
}
return ret.join('');
},
set_masked_value = function(input){
var ret=[];
var index_in_value = 0;
for(var k in pattern){
if( slots.has(pattern[k]) && input[index_in_value]){
ret.push(input[index_in_value]);
index_in_value++;
}
else{
ret.push(pattern[k]);
}
}
this.value = ret.join('');
}
;
el.get_masked_value = get_masked_value;
el.set_masked_value = set_masked_value;
el.back = false;
el.addEventListener("keydown", function(event){ this.back = event.key === "Backspace";});
el.addEventListener("input", format);
el.addEventListener("focus", format);
el.addEventListener("blur", function() { return el.value === pattern && (el.value=""); });
}


});

小开

使用这个来实现掩码:

Https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.inputmask/5.0.6/jquery.inputmask.min.js

<input id="phone_number" class="ant-input" type="text" placeholder="(XXX) XXX-XXXX" data-inputmask-mask="(999) 999-9999">






jQuery("#phone_number").inputmask({"mask": "(999) 999-9999"});