在 Python 中有对象唯一标识符吗

这将类似于 java.lang.Object.hashcode()方法。

我需要将我无法控制的对象存储在一个集合中，并确保只有当两个对象实际上是同一个对象(不包含相同的值)时才会覆盖这些值。

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最佳答案 
id(x)

will do the trick for you. But I'm curious, what's wrong about the set of objects (which does combine objects by value)?

For your particular problem I would probably keep the set of ids or of wrapper objects. A wrapper object will contain one reference and compare by x==y <==> x.ref is y.ref.

It's also worth noting that Python objects have a hash function as well. This function is necessary to put an object into a set or dictionary. It is supposed to sometimes collide for different objects, though good implementations of hash try to make it less likely.

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That's what "is" is for.

Instead of testing "if a == b", which tests for the same value,

test "if a is b", which will test for the same identifier.

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As ilya n mentions, id(x) produces a unique identifier for an object.

But your question is confusing, since Java's hashCode method doesn't give a unique identifier. Java's hashCode works like most hash functions: it always returns the same value for the same object, two objects that are equal always get equal codes, and unequal hash values imply unequal hash codes. In particular, two different and unequal objects can get the same value.

This is confusing because cryptographic hash functions are quite different from this, and more like (though not exactly) the "unique id" that you asked for.

The Python equivalent of Java's hashCode method is hash(x).

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You don't have to compare objects before placing them in a set. set() semantics already takes care of this. 

   class A(object):
a = 10
b = 20
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.a, self.b))


a1 = A()
a2 = A()
a3 = A()
a4 = a1
s = set([a1,a2,a3,a4])
s
=> set([<__main__.A object at 0x222a8c>, <__main__.A object at 0x220684>, <__main__.A object at 0x22045c>])

Note: You really don't have to override hash to prove this behaviour :-)


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