如何在 SQLServer 数据库中使用 UTF-8排序规则？

No! It's not a joke.

Take a look here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186939.aspx

Character data types that are either fixed-length, nchar, or variable-length, nvarchar, Unicode data and use the UNICODE UCS-2 character set.

And also here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16

The older UCS-2 (2-byte Universal Character Set) is a similar character encoding that was superseded by UTF-16 in version 2.0 of the Unicode standard in July 1996.

UTF-8 is not a character set, it's an encoding. The character set for UTF-8 is Unicode. If you want to store Unicode text you use the nvarchar data type.

If the database would use UTF-8 to store text, you would still not get the text out as encoded UTF-8 data, you would get it out as decoded text.

You can easily store UTF-8 encoded text in the database, but then you don't store it as text, you store it as binary data (varbinary).

Note that as of Microsoft SQL Server 2016, UTF-8 is supported by bcp, BULK_INSERT, and OPENROWSET.

Addendum 2016-12-21: SQL Server 2016 SP1 now enables Unicode Compression (and most other previously Enterprise-only features) for all versions of MS SQL including Standard and Express. This is not the same as UTF-8 support, but it yields a similar benefit if the goal is disk space reduction for Western alphabets.

Looks like this will be finally supported in the SQL Server 2019! SQL Server 2019 - whats new?

From BOL:

UTF-8 support

Full support for the widely used UTF-8 character encoding as an import or export encoding, or as database-level or column-level collation for text data. UTF-8 is allowed in the CHAR and VARCHAR datatypes, and is enabled when creating or changing an object’s collation to a collation with the UTF8 suffix.

For example,LATIN1_GENERAL_100_CI_AS_SC to Latin1_General_100_CI_AS_KS_SC_UTF8. UTF-8 is only available to Windows collations that support supplementary characters, as introduced in SQL Server 2012. NCHAR and NVARCHAR allow UTF-16 encoding only, and remain unchanged.

This feature may provide significant storage savings, depending on the character set in use. For example, changing an existing column data type with ASCII strings from NCHAR(10) to CHAR(10) using an UTF-8 enabled collation, translates into nearly 50% reduction in storage requirements. This reduction is because NCHAR(10) requires 22 bytes for storage, whereas CHAR(10) requires 12 bytes for the same Unicode string.

2019-05-14 update:

Documentation seems to be updated now and explains our options staring in MSSQL 2019 in section "Collation and Unicode Support".

2019-07-24 update:

Article by Pedro Lopes - Senior Program Manager @ Microsoft about introducing UTF-8 support for Azure SQL Database

Two UDF to deal with UTF-8 in T-SQL:

CREATE Function UcsToUtf8(@src nvarchar(MAX)) returns varchar(MAX) as
begin
declare @res varchar(MAX)='', @pi char(8)='%[^'+char(0)+'-'+char(127)+']%', @i int, @j int
select @i=patindex(@pi,@src collate Latin1_General_BIN)
while @i>0
begin
select @j=unicode(substring(@src,@i,1))
if @j<0x800     select @res=@res+left(@src,@i-1)+char((@j&1984)/64+192)+char((@j&63)+128)
else            select @res=@res+left(@src,@i-1)+char((@j&61440)/4096+224)+char((@j&4032)/64+128)+char((@j&63)+128)
select @src=substring(@src,@i+1,datalength(@src)-1), @i=patindex(@pi,@src collate Latin1_General_BIN)
end
select @res=@res+@src
return @res
end


CREATE Function Utf8ToUcs(@src varchar(MAX)) returns nvarchar(MAX) as
begin
declare @i int, @res nvarchar(MAX)=@src, @pi varchar(18)
select @pi='%[à-ï][€-¿][€-¿]%',@i=patindex(@pi,@src collate Latin1_General_BIN)
while @i>0 select @res=stuff(@res,@i,3,nchar(((ascii(substring(@src,@i,1))&31)*4096)+((ascii(substring(@src,@i+1,1))&63)*64)+(ascii(substring(@src,@i+2,1))&63))), @src=stuff(@src,@i,3,'.'), @i=patindex(@pi,@src collate Latin1_General_BIN)
select @pi='%[Â-ß][€-¿]%',@i=patindex(@pi,@src collate Latin1_General_BIN)
while @i>0 select @res=stuff(@res,@i,2,nchar(((ascii(substring(@src,@i,1))&31)*64)+(ascii(substring(@src,@i+1,1))&63))), @src=stuff(@src,@i,2,'.'),@i=patindex(@pi,@src collate Latin1_General_BIN)
return @res
end