向现有表添加主键

删除约束并重新创建它

alter table Persion drop CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>


alter table Persion add primary key (persionId,Pname,PMID)

编辑:

你可以通过下面的查询找到约束名:

select OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS NameofConstraint
FROM sys.objects
where OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)='Persion'
and type_desc LIKE '%CONSTRAINT'

我觉得这样应该有用

-- drop current primary key constraint
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_persionId;
GO


-- add new auto incremented field
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion
ADD pmid BIGINT IDENTITY;
GO


-- create new primary key constraint
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_persionId PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (pmid, persionId);
GO

  -- DROP current primary key
ALTER TABLE tblPersons DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>
Example:
ALTER TABLE tblPersons
DROP CONSTRAINT P_Id;




-- ALTER TABLE tblpersion
ALTER TABLE tblpersion add primary key (P_Id,LastName)

-- create new primary key constraint
ALTER TABLE dbo.persion
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_persionId PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (pmid, persionId);

是一个更好的解决方案，因为您可以控制主键的命名。

这比单纯使用要好

ALTER TABLE Persion ADD PRIMARY KEY(persionId,Pname,PMID)

在编写脚本或比较数据库时，产生随机名称并可能导致问题

在本例中，表名为dbo。T_SYS_Language_Forms，列名是LANG_UID

-- First, chech if the table exists...
IF 0 < (
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
BEGIN
-- Check for NULL values in the primary-key column
IF 0 = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms WHERE LANG_UID IS NULL)
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ALTER COLUMN LANG_UID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL


-- No, don't drop, FK references might already exist...
-- Drop PK if exists (it is very possible it does not have the name you think it has...)
-- ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT pk_constraint_name
--DECLARE @pkDropCommand nvarchar(1000)
--SET @pkDropCommand = N'ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME((SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
--WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
--AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
--AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
----AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms'
--))
---- PRINT @pkDropCommand
--EXECUTE(@pkDropCommand)
-- Instead do
-- EXEC sp_rename 'dbo.T_SYS_Language_Forms.PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms1234565', 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms';


-- Check if they keys are unique (it is very possible they might not be)
IF 1 >= (SELECT TOP 1 COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM T_SYS_Language_Forms GROUP BY LANG_UID ORDER BY cnt DESC)
BEGIN


-- If no Primary key for this table
IF 0 =
(
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'T_SYS_Language_Forms'
-- AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms'
)
ALTER TABLE T_SYS_Language_Forms ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T_SYS_Language_Forms PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (LANG_UID ASC)
;


END -- End uniqueness check
ELSE
PRINT 'FSCK, this column has duplicate keys, and can thus not be changed to primary key...'
END -- End NULL check
ELSE
PRINT 'FSCK, need to figure out how to update NULL value(s)...'
END

试着使用下面的代码:

ALTER TABLE `table name`
CHANGE COLUMN `column name` `column name` datatype NOT NULL,
ADD PRIMARY KEY (`column name`) ;

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME ADD PRIMARY KEY(`persionId`,`Pname`,`PMID`)

如果添加主键约束

ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD CONSTRAINT <CONSTRAINT NAME> PRIMARY KEY <COLUMNNAME>

例如:

ALTER TABLE DEPT ADD CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY (DEPTNO)

请尝尝这个

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME DROP INDEX `PRIMARY`, ADD PRIMARY KEY (COLUMN1, COLUMN2,..);

在您的表中已经有一个主键。不能只添加主键，否则会引起错误。因为sql表只有一个主键。

首先，您必须删除旧的主键。

MySQL:

ALTER TABLE Persion
DROP PRIMARY KEY;

SQL Server / Oracle / MS访问:

ALTER TABLE Persion
DROP CONSTRAINT 'constraint name';

你必须在你的表中找到约束名。如果你有 在创建表时给定约束名，可以轻松使用 约束名(例如:PK_Persion).

第二，添加主键。

MySQL / SQL Server / Oracle / MS访问:

ALTER TABLE Persion ADD PRIMARY KEY (PersionId,Pname,PMID);

或者下面那个更好的

ALTER TABLE Persion ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Persion PRIMARY KEY (PersionId,Pname,PMID);

这可以由开发人员设置约束名称。这样更容易维护这个表。

把所有的答案看完后，我有点糊涂了。所以我研究了一些文件，找出每一个细节。希望这个答案可以帮助其他SQL初学者。

参考:https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_primarykey.asp

这将添加主键和标识种子并填充新列。