如何在 Rails 中测试文件上传？

Searched for this question and could not find it, or its answer on Stack Overflow, but found it elsewhere, so I'm asking to make it available on SO.

The rails framework has a function fixture_file_upload (Rails 2 Rails 3, Rails 5), which will search your fixtures directory for the file specified and will make it available as a test file for the controller in functional testing. To use it:

1) Put your file to be uploaded in the test in your fixtures/files subdirectory for testing.

2) In your unit test you can get your testing file by calling fixture_file_upload('path','mime-type').

e.g.:

bulk_json = fixture_file_upload('files/bulk_bookmark.json','application/json')

3) call the post method to hit the controller action you want, passing the object returned by fixture_file_upload as the parameter for the upload.

e.g.:

post :bookmark, :bulkfile => bulk_json

Or in Rails 5: post :bookmark, params: {bulkfile: bulk_json}

This will run through the simulated post process using a Tempfile copy of the file in your fixtures directory and then return to your unit test so you can start examining the results of the post.

You want to use fixtures_file_upload. You will put your test file in a subdirectory of the fixtures directory and then pass in the path to fixtures_file_upload. Here is an example of code, using fixture file upload

From The Rspec Book, B13.0:

Rails’ provides an ActionController::TestUploadedFile class which can be used to represent an uploaded file in the params hash of a controller spec, like this:

describe UsersController, "POST create" do
after do
# if files are stored on the file system
# be sure to clean them up
end


it "should be able to upload a user's avatar image" do
image = fixture_path + "/test_avatar.png"
file = ActionController::TestUploadedFile.new image, "image/png"
post :create, :user => { :avatar => file }
User.last.avatar.original_filename.should == "test_avatar.png"
end
end

This spec would require that you have a test_avatar.png image in the spec/fixtures directory. It would take that file, upload it to the controller, and the controller would create and save a real User model.

if you are getting the file in your controller with the following

json_file = params[:json_file]
FileUtils.mv(json_file.tempfile, File.expand_path('.')+'/tmp/newfile.json')

then try the following in your specs:

json_file = mock('JsonFile')
json_file.should_receive(:tempfile).and_return("files/bulk_bookmark.json")
post 'import', :json_file => json_file
response.should be_success

This will make the fake method to 'tempfile' method, which will return the path to the loaded file.

Mori's answer is correct, except that in Rails 3 instead of "ActionController::TestUploadedFile.new" you have to use "Rack::Test::UploadedFile.new".

The file object that is created can then be used as a parameter value in Rspec or TestUnit tests.

test "image upload" do
test_image = path-to-fixtures-image + "/Test.jpg"
file = Rack::Test::UploadedFile.new(test_image, "image/jpeg")
post "/create", :user => { :avatar => file }
# assert desired results
post "/create", :user => { :avatar => file }


assert_response 201
assert_response :success
end

I think it's better to use the new ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile this way:

uploaded_file = ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile.new({
:tempfile => File.new(Rails.root.join("test/fixtures/files/test.jpg"))
})
assert model.valid?

This way you can use the same methods you are using in your validations (as for example tempfile).

If you are using default rails test with factory girl. Fine below code.

factory :image_100_100 do
image File.new(File.join(::Rails.root.to_s, "/test/images", "100_100.jpg"))
end

Note: you will have to keep an dummy image in /test/images/100_100.jpg.

It works perfectly.

Cheers!