使用 sed 和 grep/egrep 搜索和替换

我使用 egrep -R后跟一个包含大约10个联合的正则表达式，比如: 这个工作得很好，现在我想用 .bmp替换所有的字符串

我在想

egrep -lR "\.jpg|\.png|\.gif" . | sed "s/some_expression/.jpg/" file_it_came_form

所以这里的问题是如何在 sed中执行类似的联合正则表达式以及如何告诉它将更改保存到它从中获取输入的文件中。

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Honestly, much as I love sed for appropriate tasks, this is definitely a task for perl -- it's truly more powerful for this kind of one-liners, especially to "write it back to where it comes from" (perl's -i switch does it for you, and optionally also lets you keep the old version around e.g. with a .bak appended, just use -i.bak instead).

perl -i.bak -pe 's/\.jpg|\.png|\.gif/.jpg/

rather than intricate work in sed (if even possible there) or awk...

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最佳答案

Use this command:

egrep -lRZ "\.jpg|\.png|\.gif" . \
| xargs -0 -l sed -i -e 's/\.jpg\|\.gif\|\.png/.bmp/g'

  • egrep: find matching lines using extended regular expressions

    • -l: only list matching filenames

    • -R: search recursively through all given directories

    • -Z: use \0 as record separator

    • "\.jpg|\.png|\.gif": match one of the strings ".jpg", ".gif" or ".png"

    • .: start the search in the current directory

  • xargs: execute a command with the stdin as argument

    • -0: use \0 as record separator. This is important to match the -Z of egrep and to avoid being fooled by spaces and newlines in input filenames.

    • -l: use one line per command as parameter

  • sed: the stream editor

    • -i: replace the input file with the output without making a backup

    • -e: use the following argument as expression

    • 's/\.jpg\|\.gif\|\.png/.bmp/g': replace all occurrences of the strings ".jpg", ".gif" or ".png" with ".bmp"

小开

try something using a for loop

 for i in `egrep -lR "YOURSEARCH" .` ; do echo  $i; sed 's/f/k/' <$i >/tmp/`basename $i`; mv /tmp/`basename $i` $i; done

not pretty, but should do.

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I couldn't get any of the commands on this page to work for me: the sed solution added a newline to the end of all the files it processed, and the perl solution was unable to accept enough arguments from find. I found this solution which works perfectly:

find . -type f -name '*.[hm]' -print0
| xargs -0 perl -pi -e 's/search_regex/replacement_string/g'

This will recurse down the current directory tree and replace search_regex with replacement_string in any files ending in .h or .m.

I have also used rpl for this purpose in the past.

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Another way to do this 

find . -name *.xml -exec sed -i "s/4.6.0-SNAPSHOT/5.0.0-SNAPSHOT/" {} \;

Some help regarding the above command

The find will do the find for you on the current directory indicated by .

-name the name of the file in my case its pom.xml can give wild cards.

-exec execute

sed stream editor

-i ignore case

s is for substitute

/4.6.0.../ String to be searched

/5.0.0.../ String to be replaced

小开

My use case was I wanted to replace foo:/Drive_Letter with foo:/bar/baz/xyz In my case I was able to do it with the following code. I was in the same directory location where there were bulk of files.

find . -name "*.library" -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i '' -e 's/foo:\/Drive_Letter:/foo:\/bar\/baz\/xyz/g'

hope that helped.

UPDATE s|foo:/Drive_letter:|foo:/ba/baz/xyz|g


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